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NE IBS ox "aa? Tom [75 1 T be Frontiſpiece Explain'd.

Rave, Learned Plytarch, like the glorious Sun

JAlone Triumphant 1n his Radiant Throne, 'th* mid amongſt the Planets, who receive Their luſtre thence : So by His Pen he gives The Nobleſt Greek and Roman Heroes, Whom Rome or Athens, choileſt Nurleries , : Or other places had brought forth, new Lives. Their crymbled Statues, by all-cating-Time Long fince devofir'd,] He recommends to Fame Their better part, their Splendid Actions, Land and Sea-fights, *heir Conſultations ;

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g- Deep Plats, .auctMlifify Stratagems, Cloſe

Policies3\and that myſtetious Gem, / | The Art of Conquering and Governing, The Gown and Sword ( both juſtty meriting

_ ViRtorious Bazes) impartially, who Crowns, And Him too, by whoſe breath Hey Trumpet's blown,

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thy juſt ſoul cannot diſpenſe imes ; both bafe DetraCtion,

Happy, Great Plutarch, who rms them their due,

Thb Serpentine- And Hierog|l

And, Courts-peſt, fervile Adulation,

VVhoequally gontemn'lt ;*and ſo mak'ſt good,

Their choice,* who being askt,VVhat 'twas they wou'd Reprieve fro 'th' flames, ſhould { too lately ſome Have wiſht the ſame, and worſe )) that Barb'rous doom Find execution, ſhould all Books be burn'd

That treat of Humane Learning? they return'd

+ This Anſwer, 'Twas Thy Works 3 Thou do'ſt, they knew,

In thy unflattefing Mirror, clearly ſhew

VVhat ſteers the VVorld ; to th life do'ſt repreſent

Vertue and Vite, Reward and Patiſhment.

Let Truths out-balance Fiftions, and ther read VVhat's in Romanza's feign'd, here Verifi'd. V'Vhence Nobler Spirits will ſublimate their flame ; Baſer, amend perhaps, if but for ſhame.

* ApoBo's ( lovier if PauPs ) Prieſt, from Thee

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LIVES

— OF THE NOBLE,

Grecians & Romans.

Compared together , by that Grave Learned PHILOSOPHER & His TORIlOGRAPHER

PLUTARCH

9,5 Of CHARONE MA.

I Tranſlated out of Gr = « into Faxz x cn, by

Auxerre , one of the Kings Privy Counſel , and great Almner of Fzaxcn, With the Lives of

HANNIBAL & SCIPIO AFRICAN;

+ Tranſlated out of LaT1N into Fxexcn , by

CHARLES del ESCLUSE,

And out of Fx ENCH into ENGLISH,

By Sir THOMAS NORTH Knight,

Hereunto are added the Lives of Era w1inoxDas, of Pw1iL1e of Macedos Of LU1I@Ny $11 $ the Elder, Tyrant of Sicilia,of AuGusTus CaASAR, of PLUTARCH, and of Sk N & C 4 ; With theLives of Nine other Excellent Chieftains of War : Collected out of &£MyLius PRvBUS, by S.G.S$. And Engliſhed by the aforeſaid Tranſlator,

{ To which are alſo added, , £6: The Lives of Twenty Selected f | E MINENT PERSONS

Of Ancient and latter times , Tranſlated out of the Work of that famous Hiſtoriographet to the King of FRawncsz and Pota np;

41XN,DREW THEVET.

To which , for clearer Explanation and Emendation of the former Tranſlation ( in ſeveral places) are ſubjoyned Notes and Explications upon PtLuTaRcHs Lives, Colleted omof XYLANDER,CRUSERUS HENRY STEPHA NUSand others, with theS YN cCHRONIS MSandCoTEMPORARY PERSONS with T 4 E 1; Shewing the ſeveral Ages in which They lived,

And now in this Edition are further added ,

The L1vESsSof Several EminenT PERSONS Tranſlated out of the aforeſaid AnDrtEw THEvVErT.

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CAMBRIDGE, | © Printed by {obn H1aye:, for George Sawbridge it the Bible on Ludgate- Hill , London , AnunwS DFemw Do LaSVE,

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| By the Grace of God, of England , France and Ireland ' Quiten,; Deſentler'of che Faith , &c.

EET. | der hope of your Highneſs Gracious and accuſto- | kT XIE med Favour , \I have preſumed to preſent here un- (09% ER to your Majeſty , ?lutarchs Lives Tranflated-; as SY 2 Book fir. to: be | protected by your Highneſs , 2 4 A! and meet” tobe ſet forth in Z»giſb, For who is PAAENRESS fitter to give countenance to ſo many. SW then ſuch an High and. Mighty Princels'2> wo YER +: 1 fitter. to-revive th memory. of their. chen ſhe that beareth the'livelyimage'of their Vertues who if to Authorize 'a'. work bf fo great Teatning add Wiſdom 5 then whom-all do.honour as.the Mule of the warld ?\Therefare.L\bum- bly: beſeech+your Majeſty; to ſuffer \'the ſimpleneſs-of my Franſla- rion , to be Toyered under the ampleneſs of your Highnef 'ptoteRti- | on.+ For , Moſt, Gracious Soyeraign,, though this Book be'nga Book for your Majefties {elf who are meeter to be the'\chief Story", then a Studenc therein , and can bercer- underſtand/it in; Greek ; then ary x a Ap Engl : ye Thope the-comm For of your Subje&s ſhall-not only profit themſelves hereby , butalſo. be animated tothe better ſervice of your Majeſty. For among'allthe prophane Books that are in reputation at this day, there is none ( youe Highneſs beſt knows ) that teacheth ſo much Honour , Love, Obedience, Reverence, Zeal ;'and'Deyotion to Princes, as theſe Lives of Faith _Jo.* How many examples ſhall your Subjects read here, of ſeveral Perſons and A Armies, of Noble and Baſe, of Young and Old , that both by Seaand Land, at home and abroad have ſtrained their wits, not regar- ding their ſtates., ventured their perſons, yea caſt away their Lives, not-onely for honour and ſafety, but alſo for the pleaſure of their Prince -? * | Fheh wellmay the Readers think, if they have done this for Heathen Lins: what ſhould we do for Chriſtian Princes ? If they have done this for Glory , what ſhould wedo for Religion? If they have done this

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wardnelſs of their own diſfoſitipns ;wharfervice is there in war , what honour in peace, which they will not be ready to do, for their worthy

Queen ? Sy efore t your Hi eſs may give grace to the Book 7and Ia hink Ge26 PMs w/. have iTtanſlared & yur

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ſerve aliribes,naact the living, reviys the dev, ſo far exevlling #1l «t pſee Lens in Aoblemens Lives, then to'readit wn Pluloſophers- writings. Now for | will.not Pao £15 ater Fir meu for 1. my needs love him with whom” I have winch pain : : but 17 1'wight be bold to affirm, that be bath written the profitableſt $1e- im whore. Far all ber were totakg their matter ys 4: the fortune of tbe Countries wheye- wrote , fell out : Bur this excellent in Wit, learning, and experience , hath choſen al, Aft; of rhe bef refers, of he ferel Novo of the world. . Bat 1 wil leave the ſelves. . 2 hich ii rodefirs you to excuſe the fawlrs of my tranſlation, Fees pm ” M7 IT = a interns. And 67 1 wiſh:yas all

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Da reading of Calls which bring but a vain and unprofi@ble pleaſure tothe *

716 wo: 1s juſtly. miſliked of wiſe and grave men. ,, Again, the reading of ſuch

DK o but onely bring profit, and make the Reader to be in love therewith, and

” do not eaſe the pain of the reading by ſome plealantneſs in the” ſame : do ſeem FT ſomewhat barth to divers delicate wits , that cannot tarry long upon them. ſuch Books as yeeld leaſure and profit , and do bothdelighr and teach,

.,haye all char, a wan can delire why they ſhould be univerſally liked and allowed

All ſorts of men, according to the conimon ſaying of the Poet Horace ©

. Thathe which matchet profit with Lbight,

* ... Doth win the prize mn every point aright, | ,

his effe& 4.dy reaſon the one runneth with the vis 7 din the

ht ting the more becauſe of the profir.- This commendation intng

3 of- tories, ,, to have pleaſure ,and 'profic hat «

ting in this wiſeArra inA more allowarice' |

.lh reſpe& whereo it.may be rea hably avowed, rs.” more,

their grave and wiſe wiring have deſerved the name of Hiftoriogra='

Tet adn #0 ory 1s eltly I of notable”

ies paſt; maintkif the cdrtinual remnetabrance of thy wy pid re

: e-bo © 6f mens conceits and devices, withovt the FI ations of well-near unprofitable : {6 may it alſo'be.faid', that, an His hope doings had, fa ings of men and the Wonder-

7 hi continuance of tirne' forth ') are preferved upon it riſet Fry lato the wile [7 th, that the name of Hiſtory!

| y ting of our memoty, Mijn otherwiſe would be gre | unro it,it we'do no

won davis was any afe r Fenn 1n fe tir av Is e of thi (thriptr.opobnbk os | "oa and to hank” a5,is tobe ſeen arbarous p throrht the rev-found Lal in the Weſf ge of paſt | well 'near eight” bundred Rant durableft monument that wes 16 immorraliy. For ey - N6r” pillat ,'nbr furipryous ry Up #roh wich"ihe properties 'Þ is, that it hath, a cerrain Nip oper ground prreve 5 "world : inſoruch th x («0

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To the Readers. table ) ſetteth before our eyes the things worthy of remembrance , that have been done in old time by mighty Nations, Noble Kings and Princes,wiſe Governors,valiant Captains, and perſons renowned for ſome notable qualitiesggepreſenting unto us the manners ot ſtrange Nations,the laws and cuſtoms ot old

- time,the particular affairs of mien ,, their conſultations and enterpriſes , the means that they have uſed to compaſs them withal,and theix-demeaning of themſelves when they were come to the higheſt, or

thrown pak gc pre degree of ſtate. So asit is not poſlible foxany caſe to riſe, either in peace or

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war, in publick or-private affairs, but that the perſon which ſhall have diligently read , well conceived, and throughly remembred Hiſtories , ſhall find matter in them whereat ro take delight , and counſel whereby to reſolve himſelf to rake a part , or give advice unto others, how to choole in doubtiul and dangerous caſes that which may be for the moſt profit, and-ip time to find out to what point the matter will come,if it be well handled : and how to moderate himſelfin proſperity , and how to chear up and bear himſelf in adverſity. Theſe _ it doth with much greater grace , efficacy , and ſpeed, then the Books of Moral Philoſophy do : ſoraſmuch as examples are of more force to move , and inſtruct, then are the arguments and proofs of reaſon,or their preciſe precepts, becauſe examples be the very forms of our deeds,and accompanied with-all circumſtances, Whereas reaſons and demonſtrations are general and tend to the proof of things, and to the beating of them into-underſtanding : and examples tend to ſhewing of them in praiſe and execurion,, becauſe they do not onely declare what is to be done , but alſo work a deſire to do it, as well in reſpec of a certain natural inclination which all men have to fol- low examples; as al{g for the beauty of Vertue, which is of ſuch power,that whereſoever ſhe is (cen ſhe maketh her ſelf to beloved a'd liked, Again, ir doth things with grearer weight and gravity , then the inventions and devices of the Poets : becauſe it helpeth nor it ſelf with any other thing then with the plain truth, whereas Poetry doth commonly enrich things by commending them above the Stars and their deſerving, becauſe the chief intent thereot is ro delight, Moreover, it doth things with more grace and ' modeſty then the Civil Laws and Ordinances do : becauſe it is more grace for a man to/teach and in- firud , then tochaſtiſe or puniſh. And yet for all this, an Hiſtory alfo hath his manner of puniſhing the wicked, by the reproach of everlaſting infamy,wherewith ir defaceth the'r remembrance ; which 1s a great mean to withdraw thein from vice,who otherwiſe would be leudly and wickedly diſpoſed. Like- wiſe on the contrary part, the immortal. praife and glory wherewith it rewardeth well-doers, is a very lively and ſharp ſpur for men of noble courage and gentleman-like nature, to cauſe them to adventure upon'all manner of noble and great things, For books are full of examptes of men of high courage and wiſdom, who for deſire to cotinye the remetiibrance of their name by the fure and certain record of Hiftories , have willingly yeelded their lives to the ſervice of the Common-weal , ſpent their. goods, fuſtained infinite pains both of body and mind in defence of the opprefſed,in making common buildings, in ſtabliſhingof Laws and. Governmenes , and in the finding ont of Arrs and Sciences neceffary for the maintenance and ornament of mans life : for the faithful regiſtring, whereof , che thank is due ro Hiſto- ries. And although true Vertue ſeek no reward of her commendable doing like a hireling , but con- renteth her ſelf with the conſcience of her Well-doing : yetnotwithſtanding I am 'of opinion , that it is good and. meet 40 draw men by all means to good doing ; and good men ought not to be forbidden ro hope for the honour of their yertuous deeds , ſeeing that honour doth naturally accompany verrue; as the ſhadow doth the body. For we commonly fee, that not to feel the ſparks of defire of honoar, is an infallible lign of a baſe, vile, and clowniſh nature : and that ſuch as count it an unneceſſary, needleſs, or unſcemly thing to be praiſed, arelikewiſe no doers of any things worthy of praiſe, but arecommon- ly men of faint courage,whoſe thoughts extend no further then to their lives, whereof alſo they have no further remembrance,then is before their eyes. But if the counſel of 61d men be to be greatly eſteemed, becauſe they muſt needs have ſeen much by reaſon of their long life : and if they that have travelled long in ſtrange Countries , and have had the managing of many affairs, and have gotten great experience of the doings of this world , arereputed for Sage, and worthy to have the reins of great Governments put into their hands ; how greatly is the reading of Hiſtories to be eſteemed , which is able to furniſh us with more examples in one day , then the whole courſe of the longeſt life of any man is able to do ? Inſomuch that they which exerciſe themſelves in reading as they ought to do, although they be but young, become ſuch in reſpe& of underſtanding of the affairs of this world, as if they were old and ray headed, and of long experience, Yea though they never have removed 'out of their houſes , yer - they advertiſed, informed, and ſatisfied of all thingsin the world , as well as they that have ſhortned their lives by innumerable travels and infinite dangers, in running over the whole earth that is inhabit- ed : whereas on the contrary patt , they that are ignorant of the things that were done and cameto paſs before they were born, continue till as children, though they benever ſo aged, and are but as tran- - 'ers in their own native Countries. To be ſhort, it may betruely ſaid , that the reading of Hiſtories 1 the Schbol of Wiſdom, to faſhion mens underſtanding , by confidering adviſedly the ftate of the world that is paſt, and by marking diligently by what laws, Manners , and Diſcipline , Empires, King- doms , and Dominions, have in old time been ftabliſhed , and afterward maintained and increaſed : or contrariwiſe changed, diminiſhed , and overthrown, Alſo weread, that whenſoever the right Sage and Vertuous Emperor of Rome, Alexander Severgs , was to cgnſult of any matter of great importance, whether it concerned Wars, or Government : he always called ſuch to counſel , as were reported to be well ſeen in Hiſtories, Notwithſtanding I know.there are that will ſtand againſt me in this point, and _upbold, that the reading of Hiſtoriescan ſerve to ſmall purpoſe, or none ar all , towards the getting of $kill: becauſe kill conſiſteth in aRion , and is gendred by the very experience and praiſe of things that he hath ſeen with his eyes , and found true by proof , according to the ſaying of the Ancient Poet Afranins : My Ng

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To the Readers.

My name is Skill, my Syre experience bight, And Mumory bred and brought me forth to light.

Which thing was meant likewiſe by the Philoſopher that ſaid,that the hand is the inftrument of skill. By reaſon whereof it cometh to paſs ({ay they ) that ſuch as ſpeak of matters of Government and ſtate , but ſpecially of macters of war by the book , ſpeak but as book Knights, as the French Proverb termeth = after the manner of the Greczans, who call him a book Pilot , which hath not the ſure and cer- _ tain knowledge of the things that he ſpeaks of : meaning thereby, that it is not for a man to truſt to the underſtanding which he hath gotten by reading, in things that conſiſt in the deed doing, where the hand isto be ſer to the work: no more then the often hearing of men talk and reaſon of painting, or the diſput- ing upon colours,without raking of the penſil in band, can ſtanda man in any ſtead at all to make him a

ood Painter, But on the contrary part, many have proved wiſe men and good Captains, which could neither write nor read, Beſides this, they alledge further that in matters of war, all things alter frem year to year; by means whereof the (leights and policies that are to be learned out of books, will ſerve the turn no more then Mines that are blown up. According whereunto Cambyſcs telleth his ſon (yrs in Xenophon,that like as in Muſick the neweſt ſongs are commonly the beſt liked of for once, becauſe they were never heard of afore : So in the wars, thoſe policies that never were practiſed afore,are thoſe that take beſt ſucceſs, and commonly have the beſt effet, becauſe the enemies do leaſt doubt of them, Never- theleſs I am not he chat will maintain, that a wiſe Governour of a Common-weal , or a great Captain, can be made of ſuch a perſon, as hath never travelled our of his ſtudy, and from his book : howbeit thar which Cicero writeth of L»cius Lucnullu,is true, that when he departed out of Rome as Captain Gene- ral and Lieutenant of the Romans, to make war againſt King Afirhri/ates, he had no experience at all of the wars, and yet afterward he beſtowed ſo great diligence in the reading of Hiſtories, and in confer- ring upon _ point with the old Captains and men ot long experience whom he carried with him,that by the time of his coming into Aſia, where he was indeed to pur his matters in execution , he was found 10 be a very ſufficient Captain,as appeared by his deeds : inſomuch that by thoſe ways, clean contrary to the common order of war,he diſcomfited two of the mof: puiſlant and greateſt Princes that were at that time in. the E2ſt. For his underſtanding was ſo quick, his care ſo vigilant,and his courage fo great,thar he needed no 1ong training,nor groſs inſtruRion by experience. And although 1 grant there bave been divers Governours and Captains,which by the onely force of nature ( furthered by long continued ex- perience)have done goodly and great exploits : yet can it not be denied me,bur thar if they had matched the gifts of nature with the knowledge of learning and the reading of hiſtories, they might have done much greater things,and they might have become much more pertect. For likeas in every other cunning and sk1ll whereina man intendeth to excell ; ſo alſoto become a perfect and ſufficient perſon to Govern in peace and war,there aretbree things of neceſſity required, namely, Nature , Art , and PraQtice, Na- ture (in the caſe we treat of) muſt furniſh us with a good mother-wit , with a body well diſpoſed to en- dure all manner of travel, and with a good will to advance our ſelves ; Art muſt give us judgement and knowledge, gotten by the examples and wiſe diſcourſes that we have read and double readin good Hi- ſtories : and PraRtice will get us readineſs, aſſuredneſs, andthe caſe how to put things in execution. For though Skill be the ruler of Joing the deed, yet it is Vertue of the mind which teacheth a man the mean point between the two faulty extremities of roo much and too little , wherein the commendation of alt doingsconſfiſteth. And whoſoever he is that goeth about to atrain to it by the onely tryal of experience, and had rather learn it at his own coft,then at another mans : he may well be of the number of thoſe that are touched by this ancient Proverb,which ſaith, E xperzence 3s the Schock-miſirs of fools : becaufe mans life is ſo ſhort, and experience is hard and dangerous , ſpecially in matters of war , wherein( according ro the ſaying of 7 amechus the Athenian Captain ) a man cannot fault twice , becauſe the faults are fo

reat, that moſt commonly they bring with them the overthrow of the ſtate, or loſs of the lives of thoſe Far do them, Therefore we muſt not tarry for this wit that is won by experience , which cofteth ſo dear ,and is ſo long in coming,that a man is oft times dead in ſeeking ot it before he have attained it, ſo as he had need of a ſecond life to employ it in, becauſe of the overlare coming by it. But we muft make ſpeed by our diligent and continual reading of Hiſtories both old and new , that we may enjoy this hap- pineſs which the Poet ſpeaketh of :

A happy wight « be that by miſhaps Of other s,doth he ware of «fterclaps.

By nurhoge Cyr wins, thoſe that ſay that paper will bear all things: if there be any that unworthily take upon them the name of Hiſtoriographers,and do deface the dignity of the ſtory for hatred or favor, mingling any untruth with it:that is not the fault of the Hiſtory,bur of the men that are partial, whodo abuſe that name unworthily,to cover and loak their own paſſions withall, which thing (hall never come ro paſs, if the writer of the ſtory have the roperties that are neceſſary required in a ſtory-writer , as theſe : That he ſet afide all affection, be void of envy ,batred and flattery ; that he be a man experienced in the affairs of the world,of good utterance and j ent,to diſcern what is to be ſaid, and what to be leftunſaid ; and what would do more harm to haye it declared,then do good to have it reproved or con- demned : foraſmuch as his chief drift ought to beto ſerve the Common-weal , and that ir is butas a re-

giſter to fer down the judgements and dehnitive ſentences of Gods Court, whereof ſome are given ac- cording

To the Reaters.

LL -

—— _— — — —— _

i = b -— A F A 4 PRA” 0 -.. A 6s : _— WO "eB Oo Sen

— ———

cording to the ordinary courſe and capacity of our weak natural reaſon, and other ſome go according to Gods infinite Power and Incomprehenſible Wiſdom,above and aþainſt all diſcourſe of mans under- ſtanding,who being unable to reach the bottom of his judgements,and to find out the firſt motions and Srounds thereof,do impute the cauſe of them to a certain tortune , which is nought elſe bur a fained de- vice of mans wit,dazeled at the beholding of ſuch brightneſs,& confounded at the gazing of ſo bottom- leſs a deep : howbeit,nothing cometh to paſs nor is done without the leave of him thatis the very right and truth it ſelf,with whom nothing is paſt or to come,who knoweth and underſtandeth the very ori- ginal cauſes of all neceſſity. The conſideration whereof teacheth men ro humble themſelves under his mighty hand,by acknowledging that there is one firſt cauſe which over-ruleth nature , whereof it —_—_— neither hardinels is always happy,nor wiſdom always ſure of good ſucceſs. Theſe ſo no- table commodities are every were accompanied with ſingular delight, which proceedeth chiefly of diver- ſiry and novelty ,wherein our nature delighterh,and is greatly deſirous of : becauſe we having an earneſt inclination towards our beſt proſperity and advancemenr,it goeth on ſtill, ſeeking in it every thing which it taketh to be goodly,or good in this world, Bur foraſmuch as it findeth not wherewith to content it ſelf under the cope of heaven, it is ſoon weary of the things that it had earneſtly deſired before , and ſo goeth on wandering inthe unskilfulneſs of her likings , whereof ſhe never ceaſeth to make a continual changing untill ſhe have fully ſatisfied her defires, by attaining to the laſt end,which is, to be knit to her chief telicity,where is the ſul] perfection of all goodlinels and goodneſs, This liking of variety cannot be better relieved then by that which is the finder out and the preſerver of time, the tather of all novelty, and meſſenger of antiquity. For if we find a certain fingular pleaſure, in hearking to ſuch as be returned from ſome long voyage,and do report things which they have ſeen in ſtrange Countries,as the manners of people, the natures ot places,and the faſhior.s of lives,differin from ours: and if we be ſometime ſo raviſhed with delight and pleaſure at the hearing of the talk of ſome'wiſe,diſcreet, and well-ſpoken old man,from whoſe mouth there floweth a ſtream of ſpeech ſweeter then hony , in rehearſing the adven- tures which he hath had in his green and youthful years,the pains that he hath endured,and the perils that he hath over-paſſed , ſo as we perceive not how the time goeth away : how much more ought we to be raviſhed with delight and wondring, to behold the ſtate ot mankind ,and the true ſucceſs of things, which antiquity hath and doth bring forth from the beginning of the world , as the ſetting up of Empires, the overthrow of Monarchies, the riſing and falling of Kingdoms , and all things elſe worthy admiration, and the ſaide lively ſer forth in the tair, rich, and truetable of Eloquence ? And that ſo lively , as inthe very reading'6fthem we ſee our minds to be ſo touched by them, not as _ the things were already done and x. ra as thoughithey were even then preſently indoing, and we find our ſelves carried away with gladneſsand grief through fear or hope | well near as though we were then at the doing of them : whereas notwithſtanding we be nor in any pain or danger,but onely conceive in our minds the adyverſi- tiesthat other folks have endured, ourſelves fitting ſafe with our contentation and eaſt, according to thoſe yerſes of the Poet Laucretins 5: * * * |

It is a pleaſure for to fit at eaſe Upon th: Land, and ſafely for to ſee How «ther folks are toſſed on'the Seas, © '

That with the bluſtering winds turmoiled be.

8 Not that the fight 4 others miſeries

hy | ' Doth any way the honeſt heart delight : But for becauſe it liketh Well cur : yes. To ſee barms free, that on our ſelues might light,

Alſo it is ſeen thatthe reading of Hiſtories doth ſo hold and allure good wits , that divers times it not only maketh 'them to forget all other pleaſures, bur alſo ſeryerh very fitly to turn away their griefs,and ſometimes alſo to remedy their diſeaſes, As for example; we find it written of Alphonſua, King of N aple:,that Prince ſo greatly renowned in C hronicles for his wiſdom and gpodnefs, that being ſore fick in the City of Capaa, when his Phyficians had \ pent.all thecunning that they had to recover him his health,and he ſaw that nothing prevailed ; he determined with himfelf to rake, no more medicines,but for his recreation cauſed ghe ſtory of Quintus Curtius,concerning the deeds of Alexander the Great, to be read before him: at the hearing whereof he took ſo wonderful pleaſure, that nature gathered ſtrength by it,and overcame the waywardnels of his diſeaſe. Whereupon, having ſoon recovered his health, he dif- charged his Phyficians with ſuch words astheſe-; Feaſt me no more with your Hippocrates and Galen, fith they can no skill to help me to recoyer my, bealth:but wel fare, 2uintwe,Curtius,that could ſo. good $kill ro help me to recover my health, Now if the reading and'knowledge' of Hiſtories,be delightful and profi:able ro all other kind of folk : I ſay it is much more for great Princes arid Kings, becauſe they have to do with charges of greateſt weight and difficulties, to be beſt ſtored with pifts 3nd knowledge tor the diſcharge of their duties: ſeeing the ground of tories is, ro'treat of all matiner of high marters of eſtate, as wars, bartels, Cities, Countries, treaties of peace and alliances ; and therefore itfeemeth more fo, them,then for any other Kind of degrees of men': becauſe they Veing bred andhrought up rendetly Zand at their eaſe;by reaſon of the great regard/and care that is had of their perſphs ( as meet is fox ſo great

ſtares to have)they take not ſo great pains intheir youth fot the learning of thihigs as behooveth thbfe to take, which will learn thenobltancient languages,and'the painfol. do&rme comprehended in Philofopby. Again , whenthey conleto' mais eſtate, their charge callettithiem to deal in great affiirs ſo as there're-

maineth

To the Readers.

maineth no exerciſe of wit more convenient for them,than the reading of Hiſtories in their ownTongue wh:ch without pain is able to teach them even with great plea'ure and eaſe , whatſoever the painfull Works of the Philoſophers concerning the Government -of C ommon-wealths, can ſhew them

to make them skilfull in the well Ruling and Governing of the People and Countries that God hath put under their ſubjection, But the worſt is , that they ever ( or for the moſt part ) have ſuch man- ner of perſons about them , as ſeek nothing elſe bur to pleaſe them by all the ways they can, and there are very few that dare tell them the truth freely in all things : Whereas on the contrary part, an Hiſtory Hattereth them : ot, but laycth open before their «yes, the faults and vices of ſuch as were like them in greatneſs of Degree. And therefore Demerrixe Phalerins ( a man renowned as well for his skill in the good Government of a Common-weal, as for his excellent Knowledge otherwiſe ) counſelled Prolomy , firſt King of Egypr after the death of 4lexandey the Great, that he ſhould often and dil;g-ntly read the Books that treated of the Government of Kingdoms, becauſe ( ſaid he ) thou ſhalt find many things there , which thy ſervants and familiar friends dare not tell thee : Moreover this is another thing , -that ſuch great Perfonages cannot eaſily travell cut of the bounds of their Dominions, to go view ſtrange Countries, as private perſons do : becauſe the jealouſie of their Eſtate, and the regard of their Dignity, r:quires that they ſhould never be in place where another man might command them. And otcentimes tor want of having ſeen the Countries , and known the People and Princes that are their neighbours , they have adventured upon Attempts without good ground : To avoid the which , the inſtru&t:on they may have by the reading of Hiſtories , is one of the eaſieſt and fitteſt remedies that can be found. And though there werenone other cauſe then onely this laſt , ſurely it ought to induce Princes to the often and diligent reading of Hiſtories, wherein are written the Heroicall {Jeeds of Wiſe and Valiant Men,(peci:lly of K ings that have been before them : the confidergzion whereof may cauſe them to be defirous to become like them, ſpecially which were of Stately and Noble Courage : becauſe the ſeeds of Princely Vertues that are bred with themſelves , do then quicken them up with an emulation towards thoſe that have been or are equall in Degree with them, as well in reſpeR of Nobleneſs of Blood, as of Greatneſs of State, ſo as they be loth to give place to any perſon, and much lefs can find in their hearts to be out-gone in Glory of Vertuous doings. Whereof innumerable examples might be alledged, if the thing were not ſo well known of it ſelf, that it were much more againſt reaſon to doubt of it , than needfull ro prove it. Therefore a man may truely conclude , that an Hiſtory is the School-Mifſtris of Princes, at whoſe hand they may without pain, in way of paſtime, and with ſingalar pleaſure learn the moſt part of the things that belong totheir Office, Now, according to the diverſity of the matter that it treateth of, or the order and manner of writing that it uſerh, it hath fund

names given unto it : but yet among the reſt, there are iwo chief kinds. The one, which ſetteth down mens doings and adventures at length , is called by the common name of an Hiſtory : The other , which declarerh their natures , ſayings and manners, is properly named their Lives. And although the ground of them both do cloſe very near in one , yet doth the one re!pe&t more the Things, and the other the Perſons : the one is more common, and the other more private: the one concerneth more the things that are without the man, and the other the things that proceed from within: The one , the events; the other , the conſultations : between the which there is oftentimes great odds, according to this anſwer of the Perſian $iramnes , to ſuch as marvelled how it cameto paſs, that his devices being ſo politick , had ſo unhappy lucceſs : It is ( quoth he ) becauſe my de- vices are wholly from mine own i:-vention , bur the effe&ts of them are in the diſpofftion of For. tune and the King. And ſurely among thoſe that ever have taken upon them to-write the Lives of Famous men , the chief prerogative, by the judgement of ſuch as are cleareſt ſighted, is juſtly given to the Greek Philoſopher P1atarch, born in the City of Cherenea intheC ountrey of Be. otia , a Noble man, perfe& in all rare Knowledge, as his Works may well put men out of doubt , if they liſt to read them through, who all his life lorg , even to his old age, had todeal in affairs of the Common-weal , as he himſelf witneſſeth in divers places , ſpecially in the Treatife which he intituled , whether an old man ought to meddle with the Goyernment of a Common-weal or not : and who had the hap and Honour to be Schoolmaſter tro the Emperour Trajan , as is commonly beleeved , and as is expreſly pretended in a certain Epiſtle ſer before the Latine Tranſla- tion of his matters of State , which (to ſay the truth) ſeemerh in my judgement to be ſomewhat ſuſpicious , becauſe I find it not among his Works in Greek : beſides that ut ſpeaketh as though the Book were dedicated to 7r4jan, which thing is manifeſtly diſproved by the beginning of che Book, and by divers other reaſons. Yet notwithſtanding, becauſe methinks it is ſagely and gravely written, al well-beſeeming him , I have ſet it down here in this place : P/utarch unto Trajan ſendech greeting : ** I know well,that the modeſty of your nature was not defarous of Soveraignty, * though you have always endeavourtd to deſerve it by your Honourable converſation: by reafon * whereof you have beenthought ſo much the worthier of it, as you have been found the further off &« from all ambition, And therefore I do now rejoyce in your vertue and my Fortune , if it beſo & oreat as to cauſe you to adminiſter that thing with Juſtice, which you have obtained by Deſert. * For otherwiſe, 1am ſure you have put your ſelf in hazard of great danger , and me in perif} of & {landerous tongues , becauſe that Rome cannot away with a wicked Emperour , and the common © voice of the people is always wont to caſt the faults of the ſcholars in the teeth of their School- * maſters: As for example, Seneca is railed upon by flanderous tongues , for the faults of his ſcho- * lar Nero: The capes of 2uintilians young ſcholars , are imputed ro Qxintilian himſelf : and:

&« Socrates

————

To the Readers.

———— IR

& Socrates is blamed for being too mild to his hearers, But as for = , there is hope you ſhall do * all things well enough , ſo you keep you as you are, If = firſt ſer your ſelf in order, and « then diſpoſe all other things according to Vertue , all things ſhall fall our according to your deſire, << ] hayeſet you down the means 1n writing, which you muſt obſerve for the well governing of your « Common-weal , and have {hewed unto you of how great force your behaviour may be in that « behalf, If you think good to follow thoſe things,you have P1#tarch for the director and guider &« of your life: if not, 1 proteſt unto you by this Epiſtle, that your falling into danger, to the over- <« throw of the Empire , is not by the Doctrine of Plutarch, This Epiſtle witnefleth plainly, that he was the Schoolmaſter of 7 _—_ , Which thing ſeemeth to be avowed by this writing of Swidas : Plutarch being born in the City of Cheroxea in Beotia, was in the time of the Emperour 7 ra- jan , and ſomewhat before. But Trajas honoured him with the Dignity of Conſulſhip , and commanded the Officers and Magiſtrates that were throughout all the Countrey of 1/yria, that they ſhould not do any thing without his Counſell and Authority, So doth S#4das write of him. And I am of opinion, that T raja: being ſo. wiſe an Emperour., would never have done him ſo great Ho- nour, if.he had not thought himſelf greatly beholden to him for ſome ſpeciall cauſe. Burt the thing that maketh me moſt to believe it true, is, that the ſame goodnels and juſtice appeared to be natu- rally imprinted in moſt of Tr4jans ſayings and doings, whereof the pattern and mould ( as a man may rerm it) is caft and ſet down in P/wtarchs Morals, ſo as men may perceive expreſly, that the one could well skill ro perform rightly, that which the other had taught wiſely : For Dion writeth, that among other Honours which the Senate of Rowe gave by Decree unto Trajan , they gave him the title of the Good Emperour. And Emtropins reporterh,that even unto this time , when a new Em- perour came to be received of the Senate , among the cries of good handfell, and the wiſhes of good luck that were made unto him , one was; Happier bethou than eA»g «ſts, and better then Trajay. Howſoever the caſe ſtood, it is very certain that PJurarch Dedicated the colleQtion of his Apo; h- thegmer unto him, But when he had lived a long time in Rowe , and was come home again to his own houſe, he fell to writing of this excellent Work of Lives, which he called P azallelon, as much to ſay, as a coupling or matching together, becauſe he matcheth a Grecian with a R:may, ſettir down their Lives each after other , and Comparing them together, as he found any likeneſs of Na- ture, Conditions, or Adventures betwixt them , and examining what the one of them-had better or worſer , greater or lefſerthan the other: which things he doth with ſo goodly and grave Diſcourſe every where, taken out of the deepeſt and moſt hidden lecrets of morall and naturall Philoſophy , with ſo ſagePrecepts and fruitfull }nſtruQions , with ſo efteCtuall commendation of vertue, and deteRtation of vice, with ſo many goodly allegations of other Authors , with ſo many fit compariſons, and with ſo many high inventions ; that the Book may better be called by the Name of the Treaſury of all rare and perfe& Learning,than by any auother name. Alſoir is ſaid, that Theodor Gaza,a Grecian of fin- gular Learning, and a Worthy of the ancient: Greece , being asked on a time by his familiar friends ( which ſaw him ſo earneſtly given to his ſtudy that he forgot all other things ) What Author he had levereſt chooſe, if he were at jhat point that he muſt needs chooſe ſome one to hold him to alone, did anſwer, that he would chooſe P/xtarch, becauſe that if they were all put together, there wasno one both ſo profitable , and ſo pleaſant to read, as he. Soſſizs Sexecio to whom he Dedicateth his Work, wasa Senator of Rome, as witneſſeth Djor , who writeth that the three perſons whom Trajan moſt loved and hottured, were Soſſius, Parma, and Celſus, infomuch that he cauſed Images of them to be ſet up. TruGit is that he wrote the Lives of many other men , which the ſpitefulneſs of the time hath bereftus of , among which he himſelf maketh mention of the Lives of Scip:o Africanus , and Merel- Ins Numidicus, And T have read a little Epiſtle of a ſon of his, whoſe name is not expreſſed , co- pied out of an old copy in the Library of S* Markin Yenice , wherein he writeth to a friend of his, a Regiſter of all the Books that his Father made : and there among the couples of Lives, he ſetteth down the Lives of Scipio and Epaminongas, and laſtly, the Lives of Auguſtus Ceſar, of Tiberius, of Caligula, of Claudius, of Niro), of Galba , of Viteltins , and of Ortho, But having uſed all the dili- gence that I could in ſearching the chief Libraries of Yenice and Rome, I could never find them out, Onely I drew out certain diverſities of readings, and many corrections , by conferring the old written Copies with the printed books : which have ſtood me in great ſtead to the underſtanding of many hard places - and thereare a great number of them which I have reſtored by conjeRure, by the judgement and help of ſuch men of this age , as are of greateſt knowledge in Humane Learning, Yet for all this, there remain ſome places unamended, howbeit very few, becauſe ſome lines were wanting in the Originall Copies, whereof ( to my ſeeming ) it was better for me to witneſs the want by markin it with ſome ſtar , than to gueſs at it with all adventure, or to add any thing to it. Now finally, If [ have overſhot my ſelf in any thing, as it is very eaſie to doin ſo hard and long a Work, ſpecially to a man of ſo ſmall ability as I am: I beſeech the Readers to vouchſafe for my diſcharge , ro admit the excule which the Poet Hoyace giveth me,where he Caith -

A man may well be overſeen In works that lorg and tedious been,

_— that of ſo many good.men men,and of kill , as have heretofore ſet hand to the tranſla- ting Ot 1t, there was neyer yet any one found,that went through with it in any Language, atleaſt. wiſethat: I haye ſeen or heard of : and that ſuch as have enterpriſed to tranſlate it , ſpecially into Latine,

To the Reader.

——.

Latine . have evidently witneſſed the hardneſs thereof, as they may exlily perceive which liſt to con- fer their Tranſlations with mine. Nevertheleſs if it ſo fortune that men find nor the ſpeech of this Tranſlation ſo flowing , as they have found ſome other of mine, that are abroad in mens hands ; 1 beſeech the Readers to con(1der , that the office of a fir Tranſlator conſiſteth not onely in the faith- full expreſſing of his Authours meaning, but alſo ina certain reſembling , and ſhadowing out of the form of his le , and che manner of his ſpeaking: unleſs they will commit the errour of ſome Pain- ters, who having takenupon them to-draw a man lively, do painthim long where he ſhould be ſhort ; and groſs where he ſhould be ſlender, and yet ſer our the relemblance of his countenance naturally, For: how hatſh or rude ſoever my ſpeech be , yet am I ſurethat my Tranſlation will be much eafter ro my Coun rymen, than the Greek Copy is, even ro ſuch as are beſt practiſed in the Greek Tongue, by reaſon of Plutarch's peculiar manner of inditing ,' which is rather ſharp, learned and ſhort, than plain, poliſhed, and eaſte. Ar the hardeſt, although I have not compaſſed my matters ſo happily as

e would have wiſhed and deſired : yet 'do 1 hope that your Lordſhips in reading it will hold the

Tarrics good will excuſed, which hath raken ſuch paias in doing of it to protit you, Ard if my labour be ſo happy as to content you, God be praiſed for it, which harh given me the grace to finiſh ut.

The T aB Lz- of the Noble CGrecians and Romans, Comparediby PuuTarca of (heronea.

Heſeus. Pag.1.T 4 / Nicias, Pag. 450. Romulus. 15" TComp red. JL, Marcus Crafſus. G 276 Compared, 483,

Lycurgus. 33- Sertorius. 486. uma Pompilius. 33-0 Comp wed, 63, [Servorke dar o ompared. 508,

Solon. 60. Ageſilaus. Publicola, | $a pComp _ fs —\. nora I Compared, 557, - ve . | Alexander. 5 oy Compared, 636 Pticles 1608 Julius Czar. 591. . 616, Fabius Maximus. - 163. Phocion. 623.

Cato Urtican, 637.

Alcibiades. y Wu 203 . Coriolanus. of : "| Agis & Cleomenes, x ed Paulus Amylius. : 237 Tiberius &CaiusGracchi.682. pra

Timoleon, Demoſthenes, 699. Pelopidas. 270, Cicero, 711 "> Compared,

Marcellus. . ; Demetrius. 732-Lc 4 Ariſtides. ' 302. | Antonius, mag, £ Ly

Marcus Cato. 288. ArtaxerXxes.

Philopcemen. J + - 328.|Dion.

T. Q. Flaminuus, 3193, Marcus Brutus,

Pyrrus. Aratus.

Caius Marius, . Galba

Lyſander. 376 dCompared. 406.1 Otho.

4 nach 409 ECom ared. 448. ear ican. Bag pComp a your "6h 421, Pares. Scipio African, 96.

7 Lives added.

Pag. 917., Thraſybulus. Pag. 1020.

932. | Conon, 1021. Iphicrates. 1023, Chabrias, 1024. Plutarch. 979. | Timotheus. IO2$, Seneca, 997. Datames. 1026, Miltiades, 1015. |Hamilcar. 1030,

Pauſanias, 1018.

Epaminondas.

Philip of Macedon, Dionylws the Elder, 944. Octavius Czar, 959.

—_— —

VI —_—_—

F — ——

_ mm———_ Lives added on the Impreſsion, 1657.

Conſtantine the Great. Pag. 1.] Tamberlain Emperor of the Tartars, 42 Archimedes 4 Phil: ſopher of Greece, 5.| Priſcian the Cxfarean Grammarias. 6 Diogenes the Grecian Phil ſopher, 7. Artemiſia the 3ife of Mauſolus Xing of Conſtantine Paleologus. 10.| Caria, or Halicarnaſſes in Greece. c 48 Cxſsr £lavius Juſt nianus. 13.|Marcus Terentius Varro., 51, Abiſtode che Stagiritian Philoſopher, 17.| Hiſmael Sophi Xing of Perſia, Homer the Grecian Peer... 22.| George Caſtriot, calledScanderbeg Prince Sapph the Lesbian Poereſs. 25.| - of Epire, Saladin the Sultan of Kgypt. 27. | Tamombevs the laſt Soldan of Egypt. Edward Princeof Wales. 30, jrrrone>an King of Very, 66. Charlemain or Charles the Great, King of c John Guttemberg « Moguntian, Inventey of

France, and Emperonr of Roe. 54." the Art of Pranting, © 69.

]

= Lyves added on this Imprefsion , 1676.

— - —

Ferdinand Cortez a Spamard, Pag. 75.\ Quoniambec 86. Baſil Duke of Muſcovy. 79. |Chriſtopher Columbus @ Genoeſe, 88.

Sebaſtian 1. King of Portugal, 82,

T H E FF MY OF THE NOBLE

Greeks and Romans.

The moſt of them compared together by that graye and Learned Philoſopher and Hiſtoriographer,

P'L WG21::A EQ H

NEA

THESEUS

IKE as the Hiſtoriographers which do ſet forth the Defcription. of the Earth in WAS. Figure (my Friend Soſſius Senecio ) are wont to place in the lowermoſt part $offius Senecio f FARg of the Maps, the far diſtant Regions unknown ungg. them, and: to mark m' the a Senator of 37 Margent ſuch like Notes and Reaſons as theſe : Beyond theſe Countries are no- K9m- | P thing but deep dry ſands without water, full of foul ill favoured venemous beaſts, 10d or much myd unnavigable, or ScxTa1a forſaken for cold,or elſe the Sea frozen A with Ice : Evenſointhis my Hiſtory, I could ſpeak of ftrange things, and, Sheri » moxe ancient, and further off from mens memory. But herein I have compared the Lives of ſome Noble men, the one with the other, having followed all thoſe times, whereof -the Monurtents, remain yet fo whole, that men may ſpeak of very great likelihood , or rather write # * very.troth, What hath been written before, is buc of ſtrange faynings, and full of monſtrous fables, imagined and deyiſed by Poets, which are altogether uncertain, and moſt untrue. Howbeit having heretofore ſet forth the Lives of Lycargus (which eſtabliſhed the Laws of the L+ cxysmox1axs) and of King N\yma Pompilins, mechought 1 might with reafon alfo afcend unto the time of Remnlus, lithence I was come fo near unto his time» Wherefore having Idng debated with my ſelf what e/E/chilns the Poet faid ; B : Phat

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Theſeus and Romutus very like,

what Champion may with ſuch a man compare ? Or who (think, 1) ſhall be againſt him ſet ? Who u ſo bold ? or who u he that dare | Defend his force in ſuch encounter met. ?.

Tn the end I reſolved to compare him whicti did' fer up the noble and famous-City of Arzuzxs, unto him which founded the glorious and invincible City of Rox## Wherein I would have wiſhed that the Fables of her Antiquity had been ſer out ſo in our writings, that we might yet have graced them with ſome appearance of Hiſtorical narration. | But if by chance in ſome places they range 2 little too boldly out of the bounds or limits 'of true appearance, and haye no manner of con- formity with any credibleneſs of matter : the Readers in courteſie muſt needs bold me excuſed, ac- cepting in good part that which may be written and reported of things ſo exrreamly old andyricieng. Now ſurely methinks, that Theſes in many things was much like unto” Rownlas.? For being both be- gotten by ſtealth and out of laWtul Matrimony, they were both braited to, thou the ſeed of gods,

WW | Both valiant were, as all the word doth know,

Both were very wiſe and ſtrong beſides of body. The one of them built Roxs, and the other the City of Ar®zxs, two of the moſt noble Cities of the world. The oneand the other were raviſbers of women, and neither the one nor the other could avoid the miſchief of quarrel and contention with their friends, and to defile themſelves with the bloud of their neareſt kinſmen, Moreover, they ſay that both- the one and the other in the end did. get the hare and ill-will of their Citizens. At the leaſt if we believe thoſe*things which are left written, and carry greateſt ſhew 'of troth,

The lineage of T eſeus of his Fathers ſide was deſcended of the right lineage of Erichrheus the great, and of the firſt

Theſeus.

Inhabitants which occupied the Countrey of ATT1ca, the which fince were called Aurocruonss, as much to ſay, as born of themſelves. For there is no- memory or other mention made, that they

Pelops King of came out of any another Countrey then that. And of his Mothers fide he came of Pelops, who

Peloponneſus.

Pitheus, the Grandfather of Theſeus. The Wiſdome of Pitheus.

JEvbra the Daughter of King Pitheus, and the Mo. ther of Theſc- Us,

The Pallanti-

, des. Pallas had fif-

ty Sons, Why Theſeus was fo called,

Connidas The- feus School. maſter,

was in his time the mightieſt __ all the Countrey of Pzz 6y 0nN88us, not ſo much for his goods and riches, as for the number of children which he had. For-his Daughters which were many in num- ber, he beſtowed them on the greateſt Lords of all the Countrey ; his Sons alſo which likewiſe were many, he diſperſed into every City and Free-Town, finding means ro make them Governours and Heads of the ſame. Pitheus Grandfather to Theſexs on the Mothers fide, was one that founded the little Ciry of Tx0zzzn, and was reputed to be one of the beſt learned and wiſeſt men ofhis time. Bus the knowledge and wiſdome, which only carriedeſtimation at that time, conſiſted altogether in grave ſentences and moral ſayings ; as thoſe are which wan the Poet Heſtodrs ſuch fame for his Book entitu- led, The works and daies, in the which is read even at this preſent this goodly ſentence, which they father upon Pirhews : T hou ſhalt perform thy promiſe and thy pay To hired men, and that without delay. - And this doth Ar:/forle the Philoſopher himſelf teſtifie : and the Poet Euripides allo, calling Hyp-

politus the Scholler of the holy P3rheus,doth ſufficiently declare of what eſtimation he was: But eAge-

+ deſiring (as they ſay) to know how he might have children, went into the City of Ds: yz0s torhe Oracle of Apollo ; where by a Nun of the Temple, this notable Prophecy was given him for an an- ſwer : the whichdid forbid him to touch or know any woman, untill he was returned again to ATnzns, And becauſe the words of this Prophecy were ſomewhat dark and hard, he returned by the City T x 0- =38N, to tell it unto Pitheus, The words of the Prophecy were theſe : | O thou which art a gem of perfelt grace, Pluck.not the tap out of thy truſty tun, Before thou do return unts thy place In Athens Towlh, from whence thy race doth run.

Pitheus underſtanding the meaning, perſwaded him, or rather cunningly by ſome device deceived him, in ſuch ſort, that he made him to lie with his Daughter callede£thra.eEgems, after he had accompanied with her, knowing that ſhe was Picheus Daughter with whom he had lien, and doubting that he had otten her with child, left her a Sword and a -pair of Shoes, the which he hid under a great bollow tone, the hollowneſs whereof ſerved juſt to receive thoſe things which he layed under it, and made no living creature privy to it but her alone ,; ſtraightly charging her, that if ſhe happened to bave a Son, when he were come to mans eftate, and of ſtrength ts remove the ſtone, and to take thoſe things from under it which he left there , that ſhe ſhould then ſend him unto him by thoſe Tokens, as ſecretly as ſhe could, that no body elſe might know of it: for he did greatly fear the Children of one called P alla, the which lay in wait and ſpiall by all the means they could to kill him, onely of deſpite becauſe he had -no children, they being fifty brethren, and all begotten of one Father, Thus done, he departed from her : And etbra within few moneths after was delivered of a goodly Son, -the which from that time was called Theſexs: and as ſome ſay, ſo called, becauſe of the Tokens of knowledge his Father had layed un- der the ſtone, Yet ſome others write, that it was atterwards at AT#8x8 when his Father knew him,

and avowed him for his Son. But in the mean time, during his infancy and childhood, he was bro up in the houſe of his Grandfather P:thexs, under the government and teaching of one called Connsdas, his School-maſter-; in honour of whom the Aruzntans to this day do ſacrifice a Weather, the day before the great Feaſt of Theſex:, having more reaſon to honour the memory of this Governour, then of a S:laniax and of a Parrhaſins, to whom they do honour alſo, becauſe they painted and caſt moulds of the Images of Theſeus, Now there was a cuſtome at that time in Gaz3cs, chatthe young men | after

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after their infancy and growth to mans ſtate, went into the Ciry of Dzi enos , to offer part of their hairs in the Temple of Apollo. Theſes alſo went thither as others did : and ſome ſay that the a cuſtom to place where the ceremony of this Offering was made, hathever ſince kept the old name ( and yet con- offer hairs at tinueth ) Theſcia. Howbeit he did not ſhave his head bur before onely, as Hcmer faith, like the faſhion 2*!p%9-- of the ABANTES in oldtime: and this manner of ſhaving of hairs, was called for his ſake, Theſcida. = _ And as concerning the ABANTEs, in troth they were the very firſt that ſhaved themſelves after this ny we ij faſliion : nevertheleſs they learned it not of the ARABI1ANS , as it was thought of ſome , neither did The 454nc-. they it after the imitation of the M1SS1ANS ; but becauſe they were warlike and valiant men, which did joyn neer unto their enemy in battell , and above all men of the world were skilfulleft in tighr hand tohand, and would keep their ground t as the Poet Archilochns witneſſeth in theſe verſes ;

T hey uſe no ſlings in foughten fields to have,

Nor bended bows : but [Words and trenchant blades, For when fierce Mars beginneth for to rave In bloudy field , then every man invades Hu fierceſt foe, and fighteth hand to hand : T hin do they deeds, right crxell to recempt, © For in thu wiſe, the brave and warlike band Do fhew their force, which come from Negropont.

The cauſe why they were thus ſhaven before , was, for that their enemies ſhould not have the vantage The cauſe of to take them by the hairs of the head while they were fighting, And for this ſelf-ſame conſideration , ſhaving rheir Alexander the great commanded his Captains to cauſe all the MactDONIANSs to ſhave their - = _— beards : becauſe it is the eaſieſt hold ( and readieſt for the hand ) a man can have of his enemy in fight- uu made > wi ing, to hold him faſt by the ſame. But ro rerun to Theſeus. e/Ethra his Mother had ever unto that Macedonians time kept it ſecret from him, who was histrue Father. And Pithexs alſo had given it out abroad, that ſhave their he was begotten of Neptune » becauſe the TROE zEN1ANs have this god in great veneration , and do _ " worſhip him as patron and protector oftheir City , making Offerings to him of their firſt fruits : and hy tems "xx they have for the mark and ſtamp of their Money, the three picked Mace, which is the ſign of Neprune , Son. called bis Trident. But. after he was come to the prime and luſtineſs of his youth, and that with the The Trzzeni- ſtrength of his body he ſhewed a great courage , joyned with a naturall wiſdom and ftayednefs of ©* Coine wit : then his Mother brought him to the place where this great hollow ſtone lay , and telling him __ _ truly the order of his birth, and by whom he was begotten , made him to take his Fathers tokens of picked mace.

knowledge , which he had hidden there , and gave him counſel to go by ſea to ATHENS untohim. wo ©

Theſeus eafily lift up the ſtone , and took his Fathers tokens from under it : Howbeit he anſwered GreatyPbbing plainly , that he would not go by ſea , notwithſtanding that it was a great deal the ſafer way , and that *? Th bis Mother and Grandfather both had inſtantly intreated him, becauſe the way by land from Trot- Thucyd. _—. ZEN to ATHENS Was very dangerous, all the wayes being beſet by robbers and murtherers. For | the world at that time brought forth men , which for ſtrongneſsin their arms, for ſwiftneſs of their

feet, and for a generall ſtrength of the whole body , did far paſs the common force of others, and

were never weary for any labour or travell they rook in hand. Bur for all this, they never employed

theſe gifts of nature to any honeſt or profitable thing, but rather delighted villanouſly ro burt and

wrong others : as if all the fruit and profit of their extraordinary ſtrength had conſiſted in cruelty and

violence only , and to be able to keep others under and in ſubjeion , and to force , deftroy, and ſpoil 0

all chat came to their hands, Thinking that the more part of thoſe which think it a ſhame to do ill ,

and commend juſtice, equity and humanity,Co it of faint cowardly hearts, becauſe they dare not wrong

others , for fear they ſhould receive wrong themſelves : and therefore, that they which by might could

have vantage over others, had nothing ro do with ſuch quiet qualities. Now Hereales, travelling Hercules 2 des abroad inthe world , drave away many. of thoſe wicked theeviſh murderers, and ſome of them he ſtroyer of flew and put to death , other as he paſſed through thoſe places where they kept , did hide themſelves theeyes.

for fear of him, and gave place : inſomuch as Hercules perceiving they were well tamed and brought

low , mad? no further reckoning to purſue them any more. Bur after that by fortune he had (lain

Tphitus with his own hands, and that he was paſſed over the ſeas into the eountrey of Lyp1a , where

he ſerved Queen Omphale a long time , condemning himſelf unto chat voluntary pain for the mur- ,;,,.,1e; (r- ther he had committed : all the Realm of LyDp1a during his abode there, remained in Sreat Peace yeth Omphale. and ſecurity from ſuch kind of people. Howbeit in Grxztc, and all thereabour, theſe old miſchieſs

began again to renew , growing hotter and violenter then before : becauſe there was no man that

| puniſhed them , nor that durſt take upon him to deſtroy them. By which occaſion, the way to £0

from Px10pONNESUS to ATHENS by land was very perilous. And therefore Pithers decla+

ring unto Theſexs, what manner of theeves they were that lay in the way , and the outrages and villa-

nies they did to all travellers and waytaring men , ſought the rather to perſwade him thereby to take his

voyage along the ſeas. . Howbeit in mine opinion , the fame and glory of Hercules noble deeds , had Theſexs follows long before ſecretly ſet his heart on fire, ſo that he made reckoning of none other but of him, and eth'Hercules, lovingly hearkned unto thoſe which would ſeem to deſcribe him what manner of man he was , bur

chiefly unto thoſe which had ſeen him , and been in his company , when he had ſaid or done any thing

worthy of memory, For then he did manifeſtly open himſelf, and he fel the like paſſion in his

heart , which Themiſtecles long time afterwards endured , when he ſaid , that the victory and tri-

umph of M;/13zdes would not let him ſleep. For even ſo, the wonderfull admiration which Theſes

had of Herenles courage,made him in the night that he never dreamed but of his noble as and —

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Deſire of fame and in theday time, pricked forward with emulation and envy of his glory , he determined with him- | men ſelf one day to do the like ; and the rather , becauſe they were neer kin{men, being Colins removed by ang © ;_ the mothers fide : For e/£rhra was the daughter of Pirhexs,and Alcmena ( the motherof Hercules ) "4g entetp"” wasthe daughter of Zyſidices , the which was half-fiſter to P;rbexs , both children of Pelops and of Theſeus and his wife Hippodamia. So he thought he ſhould be utterly ſhamed and diſgraced , that Horcgles tra- Hercules near yelling through the world in that fort, did ſeek out thoſe wicked thieves to rid both ſea and land of Kinkmen, them : and that he, farre otherwiſe , ſhould fiye occaſion that might be offered him , to fight with them that he ſhould meet on his way. Moreover , he was of opinion , he ſhould greatly ſhame and diſhonour him , whom fame and common bruit of people reported to be his father ; if in ſhunning occaſion to fight , he ſhould convey himſelf by ſea, and ſhould = to his true father alſo a pair of ſhooes ( to make him known of him, ) and a ſword not yet bathed in bloud. Where he ſhould ra- ther ſeek cauſe , by manifeſt rokens of his worthy deeds, to make known to the world of what noble bloud he came , and from whence he was deſcended. Withthis determination, Theſes holdeth on his purpoſed journey with intent to hurt no man , yet to defend himſelf , and to be revenged of thoſe which would cake upon them to aflault him. The firſt therefore whom he flew within the territories Peripbctes Co- of the City of E Þ1 D AUR U m, Was a robber called Peripheres. This robber uſed for his ordinary FJRCBES » ue weapon to carry aclub, and for that cauſe he was commonly ſurnamed Corynerer , that is to ſay, a wie _ club carrier. So he firſt ſtrake at Theſes to make him ſtand : but Theſess fought ſo luſtily with him, that he killed him, Whereof he was ſo glad , and chiefly for that he won his club, that ever Theſeus carried after he carried it himſelf about with him, as Hercxles did the Lyons skinne. And like as this ſpoil of the Clubbe he the Lyon did witneſſe the greatneſſe of the beaſt which Hercxles had ſlain , even ſo Theſes went all _ _— about , ſhewing that this club which he had gotten out of anothers bands , was in his own hands ow: he Ty. invincible. And ſo going on further,in the ſtreights of PE. OPONNES us he killed another,called ons «kinne, © Sinn: , ſurnamed,. Piryocamtes , that is to ſay , a wreather or bower of Pine-apple trees : whom he put to death in that ſelf cruell manner that Si»x# had ſlain many other travellers before. Not thar he had experience thereof , by any former praCtiſe or exerciſe : but onely to ſhew , that clean ſtrength Cinnis Pityo- could do morethen either Art or exerciſe. This Si-1:z had a goodly fair daughter called Perigonna , cames a cruel] hich fled away when ſhe ſaw her father {lain : whom he followed and ſought all about, But ſhe - - oth had hidden her ſelf in a'grove full of certain kinds of wild pricking ruſhes called Stcebe , and wild Spe- Pokonns Sin- rage , which ſhe fimply like a child intreated to hide her , as ifrhey had heard , and had ſenſe to un- xc5 Paugarer, derftand her : promiſing them with an oath , that if =_> ſaved her from being found , ſhe would | never cut them down, nor burn them. But Theſess finding her , called her , and ſware by his faith he would uſe her gently,and do her no hurt, nor diſpleaſure at all, Upon which promiſe ſhe came out of tne buſh , and lay with him , by whom ſhe was cenceived of a goodly boy , which was called Mexna- Theſeus Negat lizpms. Afterwards Theſeus married her unto one Dezones , the ſonne of Exritzs the Orchaliar, ny '* Ofthis Menalippns the ſonne of Theſews , came Foxw : the which with Or»y:« brought meninto gouna, : . . FoxusMenalip- the countrey of C 4 R 1 A, where he built the City of J'O x 1 Þ s, And hereof cometh that old an- pus Sonne. cient ceremony , obſerved yet unto this day by thoſe of J © x 1 Þ x s, never to burn the briers of wild Foxides. Sperage , nor the Stcebe , but they baye them in ſome honour and reverence. Touching the wild Phe the wild ſavage Sow of Crommyen, otherwiſe named Phea ,. that is to ſay , overgrown with age : ſhe was Sow of Crom- not a beaſt to be made light account of , but was very fierce , and terrible to kill. 7 heſews notwith- wyon lain. fanding tarried for her , and killed her in his journey , to the end it ſhoyld nor appear to the world, that all the valiant deeds he did, were done by compulſion and of neceſſity : adding thereto his opi- nion alſo, that a valiant man ſhould not only with men, to defend himſelf from the wicked ; but that he ſhould be the firſt , to afſault and flay wild hurtfull beaſts. Nevertheleſſe others have Phes a woman WLitten , that this Phea was a woman robber, a murderer , and naught of her body , which ſpoiled thief, thoſe that paſſed by the place called CROMMyONIA , where ſhe dwelt : and that ſhe was ſurnamed + a Sow, for her beaſtly bruitiſh behaviour and wicked life , for the which in the end ſhe was alſo ſlain Sciron a no= by Theſeas. After her he kiiled $ciroy , entring into the territories of ME G A R A, becauſe he rob- table robber, heq all travellers by the way , as the common report goeth : or as others (ay) for that of a cruel,wic- "90% yr ked , and ſavage pleaſure, he put forthhis feet to thoſe that paſſed by the ſea fide, and compelled Theſcus, them to waſh them : And then when they thought to ſtoop to do it , he ſtill ſpurned them with his | | feet , till hethruſt them headlong into the ſea: ſo Theſeas threw him headlong down the rocks. How- beit the writers of MEGARA impugning this common report, and deſirous ( as S;monjdes faith)ro overthrow it that had continued by preſcription of time , did maintain that this Sciron was never any robber, nor wicked perſon, but rather a purſuer and puniſher of the wicked and a friend and kinſman of the moſt honeſt and juſteſt men of GRtec x. For there is no man but will confeſle, that & ac us was the moſt vertuous man among the GRE c1AaNs in histime , and that Cychrew the SALAMINIAN is honoured and reverenced as a God at ATH8Ns.: and there is no man alfv but knoweth that Pelexs and Telamon were men of ſingular vertue. Now it is certain, that this $cirox was ſon in law to Cychrerus father in law of e/£ ac«,and grandfather of Pele andTelamon,the which two were the children of Ex- dcidagthe daughter of the ſaid Sciroz,and of his daughterChariclo.Alſo it is not very likely,that ſo many good men would haye had affinity wirh ſo naughty and wicked a man: in taking of him, and giving him Cercyon the that which men love beſt of all things inthe world. And therefore the Hiſtoriographers ſay, that it was Arcaizn flain not the firſt time, when Theſes wentunto ATHE Ns , that he killed $c5r0y , bur thar it was many days _ 5 by after, when hetook the Ciry of ELzus1N , which the MzG6ar1ans heldatthat time, where he de-. _n ceived the Goyernour ofthe City,called Dzocles,and there he ſlew $cron, And theſe be.the objeRions the

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the M&64anzItaxs alledged touching this matter. He flew alſo Cercyon the Ancavian , in the Ciry of Ezzusix, wraſtling with him. And going a little further, he flew Damaſtes, otherwiſe ſut- Damaſtes Pri; named Procruſtes, inthe Ciry of Hzx10N1a ; aud that by ſtretching of him out , to make him cruſtes, a cruc! even with the length and meaſure of his beds, as he was wont to do unto Rtrangers that paſſed by. murthererflain Theſeus did that in imitation of Hercules, who puniſhed Tyrants with the ſelt-lame pain and rormenc are —_ which they had made others ſuffer. For even ſo did Hercales (acrifice Byſiris. So he ſtifled Anthems ings.

in wraſtling, So he put Cycrus to death, fighting with him man to man, $So he brake Termerys head,

from whom this Proverb ot Termerxs evil came, which continuerh yet unto this day : for this Ter- Termerns evil, mergs did uſe to put them to death in this ſort whom he mer , to joll his tiead againſt theirs, Thus pro-

ceeded Theſens after this ſelf-ſame manner, puniſhing the wicked in like ſort, juſtly compelling them to a- :

bide the ſame pain and torments, which they before had unjuſtly made orhers abide. And ſo he held on

his journey, untill he came to the River of Czea18us, where certain - perſons of the houſe of the Cepbiſus a Ri- Phytalides were, the firſt which went to meet him, to honour him, and at his requeſt they purified him ver of Bzotiz. atcording to the Ceremonies uſed at this time : and afterwards having made a facrifice of propitiation The Phytzli- urito their gods, they made him great chear in their houſes ; and this was the firſt notable entertain- — ment he found in all his journey. 1t is ſuppoſed he arrived .in the City of Ar#zxs, the eighth day 4 74.7... i. of the moneth of June, which then they called Crozias. He found the Common-wealth turmoiled th:ir houf.s. with ſeditions, factions and diviſions , and particularly the houſe of <Agens in very ill termes alſo, This ſacritice

_ that Medea (being baniſhed out of the City of Cox 18Tu ) was come to dwell in Arazns, F!itarch call-

and remained with Aens, whom ſhe had promiſed oft by vertue of certain medicines tro make him © Hicdis

to get children. But when ſhe beard tell that Theſeus was come , before that the good king eAgeus ( who- was now. become old, ſuſpicious and afraid of-ſedition, by reaſon of the great factions within the City at that time) knew what he was, ſhe perſwaded him to poiſon him ar a feaſt which they x40, perſwa- would make him as a ſtranger that paſſed by. Theſes failed not to go to this prepared feaſt where- ded .#;zeueto unto he was bidden, but yet thought it not. good to diſcloſe himſelf, And the rather to give egeus Poiſon Theſe occaſion and means to know him, - when they brought rhe meat to the board, he drew out his ſword *** as though he would' have cut withall, and ſheweth it unto. him, egexs ſeeing it, knew it ſtraight, ” and forthwith overthrew the cup with poiſon which was prepared for him : and atter he had enquired of ans. 1 AY him and asked' things, he embraced him as his ſon. Atterwards in. the common-afſembly of the in- Theſeus tor bis habicants of the City, he declared, how he avowed him for his ſon. Then all the people received ſon. him with exceeding joy, for the renown of his valiantneſs and manhood. And ſome ſay, that when pens overthrew the cup, the poiſon which was in it, fell in that place where there is ar this preſent a certain compaſs incloſed all about within the Temple which is called Delphinion. For even there in O that place, in old/time, ſtood the houſe of «Agexs :. in witneſs whereof, they call yet at this prefenc time the image of Mercury Fur 15 on the ſide of the Temple looking towards the riſing of the Sun:) the Mercury. gate of efgeus. But the Paitanrtives, which before ſtood alwayes in

ope to recover the Realm of ATazns, at the leaſt after /&zexs death, becauſe he had no children : when they ſaw that Theſexs was known, and openly declared for his ſon and heir, and ſucceſſor ro the Realin, they were nor able any longer to bear it, ſeeing that not only «Agens Yor was but the adopted ſon of. Pandion, and nothing at all of the blood-Royal of the Eri#herdes ) had uſurped the Kingdom over them, but that Theſexs alſo ſhould enjoy it after his death, Whereupon they derermined The Paint: to make war with them both , and dividing themſelves into two parts, the one came openly in arms des take arms with: their father, marching dire&ly towards the-City : the other lay cloſe in ambuſh in the village 2gaivit . Zge- of GaxcatruS ,, meaning to give charge upon them in two places at one inſtant. Now they "4 Theſes. brought with them an Herald born in the Town of A&xus , called Leos, who bewrayed unto nad Theſeus the ſecret and device of all their enterprize. Theſes upon this intelligence went forth, and cure ſer on, thoſe that lay in ambuſh, and put them all to the ſword. The other which were in Pals their treaſon company underſtanding thereof, did break and: diſperſe themſelves incontinently , and this is the to Theſeus. cauſe ( as ſome ſay.) why thoſe of Patina do never make affinity nor marriage with thoſe 7%c«s killerte

: - "roar the Pallantides

of Acnus at this day: and that in the Town when any Proclamation is made , they never ſpeak theſe words which are cryed every where elſe throughout the whole countrey of Ar: ca, eAconete Leos,, '( which is as.:much to ſay, as hearken, O people ) they do ſo extreamly hatethis ſame word Leos, for that it was the Heralds Name that wrought them that treaſon, This done, Theſes, who would not live. idly, at home and do nothing, bur deſirous therewithall to gratifie the people, went his way to fight with the Bull of Afarathoz , the which did great miſchief ro the inha- The Bull of birants of the country of Tsrzayotis, And having taken him alive, bronght him through che Marathon ra- City of Arazxs , to be ſeen: of all the inhabirants. Afterwards he did ſacrifice him unto Apollo = alive by Delphicus. Now. concerning Hecale, who. was reported to have lodged him, and to have given pe Delphi: him good er. 'rtainment, it is. not altogether untrue; For in the old time, thoſe Towns and villages ,,;. thereabouts did: aſſemble together, and made a common ſacrifice which they called Hecaleſion, in ho- nour of Jupiter Hecalion, where they honoured this old woman, calling her by a diminutive Name, yg;zer Hees- Hecalena : becauſe that when ſhe received Theſeus into her houſe being then but very young, ion. the made much of him , and called him by many pretty made Names, as old folks are wont to call young children, And foraſmuch as ſhe made a vow to Tapiter ro make him a ſolemn facri- fice, if Theſeus remained ſafe from the enterpriſe he went abour, and that ſhe died before his re- turn : 1n recompence of the good chear ſhe made him, ſhe had that honour done unto her by The- ſeus commandment, as Philoglorns hath written -of 'it. Shortly after this exploit, there came _—_

B 3

p THESE US

—

of King 2inos Ambaſſadors out of Car 4, to ask a Tribute , being now the third time that it was The Athenians demanded ; which the Aruzx1ans payed for this cauſe. Arndrogews, the eldeſt ſon of King e1- payed Tribute ,,,; was ſlain by treaſon within the countrey of ATT1ca ; for which cauſe eFnos purſuing the re- +. roo , Yenge of his death, made very hot and ſharp Wars upon the ArTzzx1axs, and did them great for the death bÞurt. But beſides all this, the gods did ſharply puniſh and ſcourge all the countrey, as well with of Androgcus barrenneſs and famine, as alſo with plague and other miſchiefs, even to the drying: up of their Ri- his ſon. vers. The Aruznians perceiving thele ſore troubles and plagues, ran to the Oracle of Apollo, who anſwered them that they ſhould appeaſe e245nos, and when they had made their peace with him, then the wrath of the gods would ceaſe againſt them, and their troubles ſhould have an end, Where- upon the Araznians ſent immediately unto him , and intreated him for peace : - which he granted The manner of them, with condition that they ſhould be bound to ſend him yearly into Cazr 4, ſeven young boys, the Tribute and as many young girls, Now thus far all the Hiſtoriographers do very well agree , but in the conditioned. 2 nat. And they which ſeem furtheſt off from thetroth, do declare, that when theſe young boys were delivered in Cxz74, they cauſed them to be devoured by the Ainotaure within the Laby- rinth ; or elſe that they were ſhut within this Labyrinth, wandring up and down, and could find no place to get out, untill ſuchtime as they died, even famiſhed for hunger. And this JMinetaure, as Euripides The Minotauge the Poet ſaith, was T what it was. A Corps combin'd, which monſtrous might be deem'd : | A Boy, a Bull, both man and beaſt it ſeew'd. The Labyrinth But Philochor us writeth , that the CxzTaxs do not confeſs rhat, but ſay that this Zabyrinth was 2 ps priſon in goal or priſon, in the which they had no other hurt, ſaving char they which were kept there' under _ lock and key, could not fly nor ſtart away : and that eHinos had in memory of his ſon eAndro- £ers, inſtituted 'games and playes of prize, where be gave ugeo them that wan- the viRtory, thoſe young children of Arnzxs,, the which inthe mean time, notwithſtanding, were carefully kept and | looked unto in the priſon of the Labyrinth : and that at the firſt games that were kept, one of the Teirus one of Kings Captains called Taurus, who was in beſt credit with his maſter, wan the prize. This Taurus AMinos Cap- was a churliſh and naughty natured man of condition , and very hard and cruel to theſe children of tains, ATtaens, And to verifie the ſame , the Philoſopher Ar:iforle himſelf, ſpeaking of the Common- OftheBottic;. Wealth of Borri51ans, declareth very well, that he never thought that e43nos did at any time ane, Plia,tib.z. Cauſe the children of ATHBNS to be put to death; but ſaith, that they poorly toyled in Cnzra, Cap. 2. even to crooked age, earning their living by true and painful ſervice, For it is written, that the Cazrans- (to fatisfie an old vow of theirs, which they had made of ancient time ) ſent ſometime the firſt-born of their children unto Apols in the City of Dzzeuos; and that amongſt them alſo they mingled thoſe which were deſcended of the ancient priſoners of Arzzxs, and they went with them, But becauſe they could nor live there, they directed their journey firſt into Irazir, where for a time they remained in the Realm of Puet1a, and afterwards from thence went into the confines of Taxacla, where they had this name of BorTiz1ans, In memory whereof the daughters of the BorTrT1z1axs in > Gln Sacrifice they make , do uſe to ſing the foot of -this Song : Lex us to ATHENS go, But thereby we may ce how perilous a thing it 15, to fall in diſpleaſure and enmity with a City which can ſpeak well, and where Learning and eloquence do flouriſh, For ever fince that King Mines ime, ines was alwayes blazed and diſgraced throughout all the Theaters of Arunns, Thetefti- defamed byrhe Mony of Heſiodus, who calleth him the moſt worthy King, doth nothing at all help him, nor the praiſe Poets in the of Homer, who nameth him Jupiters familiar friend, becauſe the tragical Poets got the upper hand Theatets at jn diſgracing bim, notwithſtanding /all theſe , and upon, their ſtages where all the Tragedies were plaid, ao. they Ri gave forth many ill. favoured words and. foul ſpeeches of him, as againſt a man that had. been moſt cruel and unnatural. Yet moſ men think, that eAfinos wasthe King that eſtabliſhed the Radamenthus, and Radamanthus the Judge and preſerver of them , who cauſed the ſame alſo to be kept and obſer- The thirdtime yed, The time being now come about for the payment of the third: Tribute ; when they came to. compet —on—_ of the fathers which had: children not yet married, to give them o- be-put forth to take their chance-and The > we lot: the Citizens of ATuzns began ro murmur againſt <Agexs, alledging for rheir griefs, that he are grieyed to Who only was the cauſe of all this evil, wasonly alone exempted from this grief, And that to bring depart with government of the Realm to fall into the hands of a ſtranger his' baſtard, be cared not thongh they their Children were bereft of all their natural. children, and were unnaturally compelled to leave and forſake them, Theſe juſt ſorrows and complaints of the fathers whoſe children were taken from them, did pierce the heart of Theſexs, who willing to yield to reaſon, and-to run the ſelf ſame fortune as the Cirtzens: Theſeus offer- 'did , willingly oftered himſelf to be ſent thither, without regard taking to hishap or adventure. For eth to go with Which , the Citizens greatly eſteemed. of his courage and:honourablediſpoſttion, and dearly loved him the Children for the good affeRtion he ſeemed to bear unto the commonalty, But gens having uſed many rea- into Crctz. ſons and perſwafions to cauſe him to turn and.ftay from his purpoſe, and perceiving in the end- there Lots drawn for #45 no remedy but he would go , he then drew 'Lots for the- Children. which ſhould- gowith him. the Children 4Zcllanicus notwithſtanding doth write, that they were not thoſe of the City which drew Lots for the that ſhould go. Children they ſhould ſend, but that Ad5nos himielf went thither in perſon, and did chooſe them, as he' wn ons choſe Theſeas the firſt, upon condition agreed between them : that is to wit, that the ATuznrans Children :-+» 1NOuld furniſh them with a Ship, and that the Children: ſhould ſhip and'imbark with him, carrying as Crets in a ſhip WEaPOns of war: and that after the death of the Afinotaure- this Tribure ſhould ceaſe. Now b | with a black that time , there was riever any hope of return, nor of ſafety of their children , therefore the Aruz- ſail, x1ans alwayes fent a ſhip to convey their Children, with a black fail, in token of- aſſured = Neverthele

"zz 0s. my

CE IAC

Nevertheleſs Theſes putting his father in good hope of him; being of a good courage, and promiſing boldly that he would ſer upon this eF{inotaure, e/£gexs gave unto the Maſter of the ſhip a white (ail; JEgens giveth commanding him that at his return he ſhould pur out che white fail, if his ſon had eſcaped, if the maſter of not, thar then he ſhould ſet up the black fail , ro ſhew him afar off his unlucky and unfortunate *he ſhip a chance. Simorides notwirhſtanding doth ſay , that this fail which eAgerns gave to the Maſter, G ite fail, to was not white , but red , dicd in Sans and of the colour of Scarles, and that he gave it him to ,S,,* he fate ſignifie afar off their delivery and ſafety. This Maſter was called Phereclus Amarſiadas , as ſeus. Simonides ſaith. But Philocoras writerh , that Scirus rhe Salanixian pave to Theſeus 4 Maſter called Nauſubeus , and another marriner ro tackle the ſails, who was called Pheas ; becauſe the Aruznians at 'chat time were-not greatly pra@iſed to the ſea, And this did Scirws , for that one of rhe Children on whom the Lot fell was his nephew : and thus much the Chappels do teſtifie, which Theſexs built afterwards in honour of Nauſithews, and of Pheas, in the village of Phalers, joyning to the Temple of Scirus. And it is faid moreover, that the feaſt which they call Cyberneſia, that is to day, the feaſt of Patrons of the ſhips, is celebrated in honour of Cyberneſis them, Now after the Lots were drawn, Theſexs taking with him the Children allotted for the Tri. 8*9<z bute, went from the Pallace to the Temple called De/phinion, ro offerup to Apollo for him and for them an offering of ſupplication , which they call #/:cereria , which was an Olive bow hallowed, Hiceteriz offer- wreathed about wirh white, wool. | After he had made his prayer, he went down to the fea fide ro 78, imbark, the ſixth day of the monerh of Aſarch : on which day at this preſent time they do ſend their oe young girls to the ſame Temple of Delphinion, there to make their prayers and petitions to the gods. Tribute chit- But ſome ſay, that the Oracle of «Fpofo in the City of Dzzyzos had anſwered him, that he ſhould dren the fxth take Venus for his guide, and that he ſhould call upon her to condu& him in his voyage : for which 9 arch, and cauſe he did. ſacrifice a Goat unto her upon the ſea-fide, which was found ſuddenly turned into a _ _ Ram, and that therefore they furnamed this goddeſs Epitragia, as one would ſay, the goddeſs py, Etitrs of the Ram. Furthermore , after he was arrived in Czzra, he flew there the e2/:netaure (as the gia. : moſt part of the ancient Authors do write ) by the means and help of eAriadne : who being faln in Theſ#us flew fancy with him, did give him a clue. of thred, by the help whereof ſhe taught him, how he might **< 2inoraure calily wind out of the turnings and cranks of the Labyrinth. And they ſay, that having killed this pj Brough eMinotaxre , he returned back again the fame way he went, bringing with him thoſe other young acinos Gaughe childrenof ATzzx8, whom with eAriadre alſo he carried afterwards away. Pherecides faith more- ter. over, that he brake the keels or bottoms of all the ſhips of Cxz Ta, becauſe they ſhould not ſudden- Theſcurreturns ly ſer our after them. And Demon writeth, that Tawrus (the Captain of Afinos) was killed in fight 5. = _ by Theſes, even in the very baven mouth, as they were ready to ſhip away, and hoife up ſail. Yet come of Theſe Philochorus reporteth, that King 245nos having ſer up the Games, as he was wont to do yearly in the us, was a man hunour-and ' memory of his Son, every one began 'to envy Captain Tawrw, becaule they ever looked that he ſhould carry away the game and victory, as he had dorſe other years before , over and above that, his authoriry got him much ill will and envy, becauſe he was proud and ſtately, and had in ſuſpicion that he was great with _ Paſephat. Wherefore when Theſexs required that he might TexrusſulpeR- encounter with Taurxs, eAlinos ealily granted ir, And it being a folemn cuſtom in Cx#T4, that the ” 00 _ women ſhould be preſent, to ſee thofe open ſports andſights, eAriadve being at theſe games, amongſt \,59;c. the reſt, fell further in love with Theſe, ſeeing him ſo goodly a perſon; ſo ſtrong, and invincible in How Ariadne wreſtling, | that he far exceeded all that wreftled there that day. King & Hines was fo glad that he had fell in love taken away the honour from Captain T aw xs, that be ſent him home frank and free into his coun- =_ _— . try, rendring to him all the other priſoners of Arzzws ; and for his fake clearly releaſed and for- Theſeus _ gave the City of ATuaxns the Tribute which they ſhould have payed him yearly, Howbeit, Clide- wich his pri- mw {carching out the beginning of ' theſe things to the utmoſt, reciteth them very particularly , and foners, and re- after another fort. For he ſaith, about: that time there was a gas reſtraint throughout all !eaſeth the Gauzcz., reſtraining all manner ' of people to bear fail in any veſlel or bottom, wherein there were HITS above five perſons, except only Jaſon, who was choſen Caprain of that great ſhip eArg#, and had a marine = Commiſſion to fail every' where, to: chaſe and drive away rovers-and pirats, and to ſcour the ſeas Law, throughout. About this vime, Dedalxs being fled from Cxawr« to: ATuens in a little Bark, Jfinos P4dalus flight, — reſtraint, would needs: follow him with & fleet of divers veſſels with oars , who be- ing by force of weatherdriven' with the coaſt of S1c1t1s , fortuned to die there, Afterwards his : Sw | ſon _Dexcalion, being marvellouſly offended with the' Aruznran's, ſent to ſummon them to deli- Deucation King ver Dedalis unto him, or elſe he would put the children ro death,. which were delivered ro his fathet acinos ſon ſene for hoſtages: But Theſes excuſed: himſelf, and: ſaid he could not forſake Dedalys, conſidering. he ro Athens to was his near Kinſman, being his Couſin- n; for hewas the ſon of « Merope, the daughter of Z- demand Deds- richthews, Howbcit by and by.he cauſed many: veſſels ſecretly ro be' made , part of them within A+- wn T1Ca itſelf. inthe village of Thymeredos, far from any high-wayes , and' part of them in the City of Taozzan;, bythe fufferance. of Pithews his grandfather , to the end his purpoſe ſhould be kept the more ſecret, Afterwards-when all his: ſhips were'ready; and rigged our, he took fea before the Cnarans had: any: knowledge of it: infomuch as: whew they. ſaw them afar off, they did take $2 them for: the Barks of their friends. Theſexs landed without reſiſtance, and rook the haven, . Then Thecus failed! having Dedalxs, and' other: baniſhed Cxzrans for guides, he entred'the City it ſelf' of Gxo5us, res che City where he ſlew: Deucalion ina fight before the gates of the Labyrinth”, with all his guard and' officers gf Guoſks, and about him. By this -means- the Kingdom of Caxzr fell by- inheritance into the hands of his ſiſter flew Deacation. eArigane, Theſeus made league with her, and carried' away the young: children of ATw3xs which

were

were kept as hoſtages, and concluded peace and amity between the Arksx1ans and the Caitans ; who promiſed, and ſware, they would never make wars againſt them, They report many other things alſo touching this matter, and ſpecially of Ariadne : bur there is no troth nor certainty in it. For ſome ſay, that Ariadne hung her ſelf for ſorrow, when ſhe ſaw that Theſeus had caſt her off, Others write, that ſhe was tranſported by mariners into the Iſle of Nax 05, where the was married unto O Enarus the Prieſt of Bacchus : and they think that Theſes left her, becauſe ſhe was inlove with another, as by theſe verſes ſhould appear :; e/Egles the Nymph was lov'd of Theleus, Who was the Daxghter of Panopeus, Hercas the Macaran faith, that theſe two verſes in old time were among the verſes of the Poet Hes —fiodus, howbeit Piſiſtratus took them away : as he did in like manner add theſe other here in the deſcri- ption of the het in Homer togratifie the ATHENIANS, Bold Theſeus, and Perithous ſtour, Deſcended beth from gods immortal race, Triumphing ſtill, this weary world about In feats of arms, and many a comely grace. OEnopion and Others hold opinion, that Ariadne had rwo, children by T heſeys :: the one of them was named OEn0- Staphylus, Tht- pia, and the other Sraphylus. Thus amongſt Gihers the Poer Jon writeth it, who was born in. the Ile ſeus ſons. of Cn10, and ſpeaking of this City, he ſaith thus : 13. OEnopian which was the ſon of worthy. Theſeus, Did cauſe met: build this ſtately Town, which now triumpheth thus. Now what things are found ſeemly in Poets fables , there is none bur doth in-manner fing them, Bur one Paenon born in the City of AxarTaunrta, reciteth this clean. afrer 'another ſort , and contrary to all other: ſaying, that Theſexs by tempeſt was driven with the Iſle of Cryzus , having with him eAriadne, which was great with child, and ſo ſore ſea-ſick, thar ſhe was not able to abide it. In ſo much Theſcus leav- as he was forced to pur her aland, and himſelf afterwards returning aboard, boping to ſave his ſhip a- eth Ariadne in gainſt the ſtorm, was compelled forthwith to looſe into the ſea. The women of the countrey did cour- Cyprus. teoully receive and intreat eAriadne : and ro comfort her again (for (he was marvellouſly out of heart, to ſee ſhe was thus forſaken) they counterfeited Letters, as if Theſexs had written them ro her. And = 4dr when her groaning time was come, and ſhe to: be layed, they 'did their beſt by all poſlible: means to honey '* fave her, but ſhe died notwithſtanding. in labour, and could never be delivered : So ſhe was honou- rably buried by the Ladies of Crexus, Theſexs not long after returned. thither again , who touk her death marvellous heavily, and left money with the inhabitants of the Countrey, to ſacrifice unto | her yearly : and for, memory of her, he cauſed two little Images to be moiteh , the one of copper, The cerewony and the other of filver, which he dedicated unto her, This ſacrifice is done the ſecond day of Seprepr- -_ —_ ber, on which they do yet obſerve this ceremony : they do lay a young Child upon a bed, which pit- on my ' tifully crieth and lamenteth , as women travelling with child. They fay alfo , that the Anxtaruu. Penus Ariadne, 51488 90 yet call the grove where her Tombe is ſet up, the wood of Yenus Ariadne. And yet there Two Mines are of the Nax1ans, that report this otherwiſe : ſaying, There were two Anoes, and two eAriad- = two Ar1- ,1es; whereof the one was married to Bacchus in the Ifle of Naz08, of whom Sraphylus was born : Corciaz 4r;. and the other the po was raviſhed and carried away by Theſexs , who. afterward forſaok her, z{nes Nurſe. and ſhe came into the Iſle of Naz0s with her Nurſe called Corcyna , whole. grave they do ſhew yer to this day. The ſecond Ariadne died there alſo, but ſhe bad .no ſuch honour done to her after her death, as to the firſt was given, For they celebrate the Feaſt of the firſt with all joy and mirth : where Theſens re- | the Sacrifices done in memory 'of the ſecond,” be mingled with mourning and-ſorrow. Theſexs then turneth out of departing from the Iſle of Cara, arrived in the Iſle of Dsz08 , where he did ſacrifice in the - XD the Temple of eApollo, and gave there a little Image of Yenus, the which he had. gotten of Ariadne. Then 0 02%. with the other young boys that he had delivered, he danced a kind of dance, which the Dzz1 ans keep to this day, as they ſay ; in which there are many turns and -rerurns, much after the ging of the Labyrinth. Andthe Dzr1axs call this manner of dance, the Crane, as . Dicearcus faith. And Theſeus Dance Theſeus danced it firſt about the Altar, which: is called Cerator: , that is to fay, horn-ſtaff , becauſe it called the is made and builded of horns only, all on the left hand well and curiouſly ſex together without any Les other binding. Ir is ſaid alſo, that he made a game inthis Iſle of Dzz08s , in which at the, firſt was: Palm a token given to him that overcame, a branch of Palmfor reward of victory. But when they drew near to the' of victory. coaſt of ATrica, they were all joyful, he and his Maſter, that they forgot to ſet up their white # gre fail, by which they ſhould have given knowledge of their health and ſafery unto e/fgeus : Who ſeeing got to (ſe: our the black fail afar off, being out of all .-hope evermore to; fee his ſon again, took ſuch a-grief ar the white (ail. his heart, that he threw himſelf headlong fromthe trop ofa cliff, and killed himſelf. So ſoon as The- «#geus death. ſeu; was arrived at the Port, named Phalerus, he performed. the ſacrifices which he had vowed to-the a 4-4 pry gods at his departure : and ſent an Herald of his before unto the City, to-carry news of his ſafe arri- the Tribute. Val. The Herald found many of the City mourning the death of King Agexs, Many other recei- Children in. Ved him.with great joy , as may-be ſuppoſed, They would have crowned him. alſo with a garland of the haven of flowers, for that he had brought ſo good rydings, that the Children of the ;City were rerurned in _ F ſafety. The Herald was content to take the garland, y&t would he not in any wiſe put it on his head, *:4: but did wind itabout his Heralds rod he bare in his ſand, ando returned forthwith to the ſea, where

bare a rod in

his hand.

Theſeus made his ſacrifices, . Who perceiving they- were not yet done, did refuſe ro enter into the Temple, and ſtayed without for troubling of the facrifices. Afterwards all ceremonies finiſhed , . he went

THESEVU S. 9

— — — — — — - — - - — — —

went in and tqld him the news of his fathers death. Then he and his company mourning for ſorrow , haſted with ſpeed rowards the City. And this is the cauſe,why to this day, at the feaſt called ©ſcopho- Fealt Of- ria ( as who would fay the feaſt'of boughs ) the Herald hath not his head , but his rod only crowned ©" with flowers, and why the aſſiſtants allo after the Sacrifice done, do make ſuch cries and exclamations;

Eli, leuf, ion, iow : whereof the firſt is the cry and voice they commonly uſe to another to- make haſte, or elſe it is the foot of ſomeAſong of Triumph : and the other is the voice and cry of afen as ic were in fear and rrouble. After he' had ended the Obſequies and Funerals for his Father , he performed all his

Sacrifices urito Apollo, which he had vowed, the ſeventh day of the moneth of October, on which they O#over_calted arrived, at their rerurn into the City of A T HE N s, Even fo the cuſtom which they ule at this day to Va ſeethe all manner of pulſe, cometh of this : that thoſe which then returned with Theſes , did ſeethe in tgggye,

a great braſs pot all the remain of their proviſion, and therewith made good chear together. Even Herod of [rc in ſuch ſort as this comeup the cuftom to carry a branch of Olive , wreathed about with wool , which /onein the lite they call 1:eſione : becauſe at that time they carried boughs of {upplication , as we have told you be- - won, and fore, About which they hang all ſorts of fruics : for then barrennefſe did ceaſe , as the yerſes they ſang ah afterwards did witneſle.

Bring him good Bread that u of ſav ry taſte, with pleaſant Figgs, and drops of aulcet mell : Then ſowple Ol, his body for to baſte , And pare good Wine, to make him ſleep full well.

Howbeit there are ſome which will ſay, that theſe verſes were made for the Heraclides , that is to ſay,

thoſe that deſcended from Herewles : which flying for their ſafery and ſuccour unto the A T 4 & N 1-

A Ns, were entertained and much made of by. them for atime, But the moſt part hold opinion, they

were made upon the occaſion aforeſaid. The veſſell in which Theſes went and returned, was a Gal- Th{eus wenr liot of thirty oars,which the A T 4 E N 1 AN 5 kept untill the time of Demetrius the Phalerian, always he To _ raking away the old pieces of wood that were rotten , and ever renewing them with new in their pla- Chibi ou ces. So that ever ſince, in thediſputations of the Philoſophers touching things that increaſe,to wit,whe- Gallior ofthic- ther they remain always one , or be made athers : this Galliot was always brought in for example of ty oars- | doubt. For ſome maintained , that it was ftill one veſſel} - others to the contzary defended ic was not O—_ ſo, And they hold opinion alfo, that the feaſt of boughs which is celebrated at A T # # N s at this yo 9, time , was then firft . of all inſtituted by Theſexs. It is aid moreover, that he did not carry allthe alledged for 5 wenches upon whom the Lots did fall,but choſe two fair young boyes, whoſe faces were ſweet and deli- doubr. cate as maidens)be, that orherwiſe were hardy and quick-ſpirited : but he made them ſo oft bathe them-

ſelves in hos bathes, and kept them from the heat of the Sunne, and fo many times to waſh, annoint,

and rub themſelves with Oyls , which ſerve to ſupple and fmooth their skins, ro keep freſh and fair

their colour , to make yellow and bright their hair :; and withal did teach them ſo to counterfer the

ſpeech , countenance and faſhion of young maids, that they ſeemed to be like them , rather then young

boyes : For there was no manner of difference to be perceived outwardly, and he mingled them wich

the gyrls, without the knowledge of any man, Afrerwards when he was returned, he made a proceſ-

ſion, in which both he and the other young boyes were appardlled then , 'as they be now which carry

boughs on the day of the feaft in their hands. They carry them in the honour of Bacchus and Ariadne,

following the fable that is rold of them : or rather becauſe they recurned home juft at the time and

ſeaſon, when they gather the fruit of thoſe trees. There are women which they call Dezpnophores , that

is to ſay, ſupper-carriers , which are affiſtants to the Sacrifice done that day., in repreſenting the Mo-

thers of thoſe upon whom the Lots did fall ; becauſe they in like ſort brought them both meat and drink. There they tell rales, for ſo did their mothers tattle to their children to comfort and encou-

rage them, Al theſe paniicularities were written by Demjox ihe Hiſtoriographer, There was more-

over a place chofen out to build him a Temple in : and he himſelf oxdained, that thoſe houfes which

bad paid tribute before unto the King of C & & T 4, ſhould now yearly thenceforth become contribu.

taries towards the charges of a Solemn Sacrifice , which ſhould-be done in the honour of him : and he | did aflign the order and adminiſtration of rhe ſame, unto the houſe of the Phyratides, in recompence : = - —_ of the curteſie which they ſhewed him when he arrived. Furthermore 'after the death of his Father p61:1; Heh £ gens , he undertook a marvellous great enterpriſe : for he brought all the inhabitants of the whole who were the Province of AT T 1c a,to be withinthe Ciry of A T # E N s,and madethem all one Corporation , fis{t that fea- which were before diſperſed into divers Villages , and by reaſon thereof were very hard to be aſſem- fied him Fe. bled rogerher , when occaſion was offered to eſtabliſh any Order concerning the common State. Many — times alſo they were at variance together and by the ears, making warres one upon another, But heated Theſcus took the pains to gem village to village, and from family to family, to let them under- —_— ſtand the reaſons why they 1hoald conſent unto it. So he found the poor people and private men req- of the countrey dy to obey and follow his will , but the rich , and fuch as had authority in every village , all againſt it. of 4rtice into Neverthelefſe he wan chem, promiſing that it ſhould be a Commonwealth , and not ſubje&t to the 29< 07 power of any ſole Prince, but rather a popular State. In which he would onely reſerye to himſelf the

charge of the Warres , and the preſervation of the Laws : for the reſt , he was content that every Citi-

Zen in all, and for all ſhould bear a like ſway and authority. So there were ſome that willingly granted

thereto, Others who had no liking thereof, yeelded notwithſtanding for fear of his diſpleaſure and

power , which then was very great. So they thought it better to conſent with good will, unto

that he required , then to tarry bis forcible compulſion. Then he cauſed all the places where Juſtice

was miniſtred, and all their Halls of afſembly to be overthrown and pulled down. He removed ftraight

ali

—__——

1o THESE UV S%

Aſty the all Judges and Officers, and built a tewn-houſe, and a Counſell-hall, in the place where the City now Town-houſe hs, which the ATHEniAans call AsTyY , but. he called the whole Corporation of them, of the 49%. aruzns. Afterwards he inſtituted the great Feaſt and common Sacrifice for all the Countrey of The Feaſts ATTICA , Which 7, call Panathenea, Then he ordained another Feaft alſo upon the ſixteenth

Panathenas day of the moneth of 7xxe, for all —_ which ſhould come to dwell in ATHz ns , which was cal- and Met@cia, led Metecia , and is kept even to this day. That done , he gave over his Regall power according to

OO —

Theſexs reig- 1; promiſe, and began to ſet up an Eftate or policy of a Commonwealth , beginning firſt with the rayon þ : funded of the gods. : know the good ſucceſſe of his enterpriſe , he ſent = very _— to keth Athens a the Oracle of Apollo in DEL yHOs , to enquire of the fortune of this City ; from whence this Anſwer

Common- was brought unto him : wealth, O thou Which art the Sonne of e/Egens,

- pq "Y Begot by him on Pithews Daughter dear : phos. The mighty fove, my Father glorious , | By hzs decree hath ſaid there ſhall appear A fatall end of every City here. Which end he will ſhall alſo come adoWwn, Within the walls, of this thy ſtately Town. T herefore ſhew thou, a valiant conſtant mind , And let no care, nor cark thy heart diſpleaſe : For like unto a bladder blown with wind T hou ſhalt be toſt,, upon the ſurging ſeas , Tet let not dint of dolonrs thee diſeaſe. For why ? thou ſhalt not periſh nor decay , Nor be ore' come, nor yet be caſt away. | | It is found written alſo , that $*by//a afterwards gave out ſuch a like Oracle over the City of ATHENS; The bladder blown may fleet »pon the fludde , But cannot ſink , nor ſtickzn filthy mudae. Moreover , becauſe he would further yer augment his people, and enlarge his City, he enticed ma- ny to come and dwell there, by offering them the ſelf ſame freedom and priviledges which the naturall born Citizens had. So that many judge , that theſe words which are in uſe at this day in Araens , when any open Proclamation is made , AU people, come ye hither : bethe ſelf ſame which Theſes then cauſedto be proclaimed , when he in that ſort did gather a people together of all Nations. Yet for Theſexs maketh all that , he ſuffered not the great multitude that came thither tagge and ragge , to be without diftin- difterence of @jon of degrees and orders. For he firſt divided the Noblemen from Husbandmen and Artificers . ſenes _ appointing the Noblemen as judges and ——_ to judge upon matters of Religion , and touching 5 nmonweat, the ſervice of the gods : and of them alſo he did chuſe Rulers, to bear civil Office in the Common- weal , to determine the law , and to tell all holy and divine things. By this means he made the Noble- men and the two other eſtates equall in voice, And as the Noblemen did paſſe the other in honour , even ſothe Artificers exceeded them in number, and the Husbandmen them in profit. Now that The- Theſeus the firlt [2,z5 was the firſt who of all others yeelded to have a Commonweal or popular Eſtate ( as Ariſtotle = FT *YT faith ) and did give over his Regall power : Homer hiraſelf ſeemeth to teftifie it, in numbring the Ships anPforted a? Which were in the Gxaciawns Army before the Ciry' of Tx014, For among all the Gz #- popular State, CIANS, he onely calleth the ATHENIANs People, Moreover Theſes coyned Money,, which he An Ox marked with the ſtamp of an Ox , in memory of the Bull of 2farathor, or of Taurus the Captain of itampedin = Af;zos, or elſe to provoke his Citizens to give themſelves to labour. They ſay alſo that of this Mo- _—_— ney they were fince called Hecatombeon, and Decabaoy, which fignifieth worthan hundred Oxen, and Decabzaon. Worth ten Oxen, Furthermore having joyned all the territory of the City of MzG ara unto the countrey of ATT1CA, he cauſed that notable four-ſquare Pillar to be ſet up for their confines within the ſtraight of P=LoypONNEsus , and __ thereupon this ſuperſcription, that declareth the ſeparation of both the countries which confinethere together. , The ſuperſcription is this ; Where Titan doth begin, his beams for to diſplay, Even that way ſtands Ionia, in fertile wiſe alway : And where again he geeth,adown to take hes reſt, T here ſtands Peloponneſus land,for there I count it weſt, It was he alſo which made the Games called 1/hmia, after the imitation of Heyewles , to the end that as Olympia the GR&c1aNs did celebrate the Feaſt of Games called 0/ympia, in the honour of 7 apiter , by ; Hercules ordinance : ſo, that they ſhould alſo celebrate the Games called /fhmia , by his order and inſtitution, in the honour of Neptaxe. For thoſe that were done in the Straights in thehonour of Melicerta , were done in the night , and had rather form of Sacrifice or of a myſtery , then of Games Theſeus ereft- and open Feaſt, Yet ſome will ſay , that theſe Games of 7/hmia were inſtituted in the honour and ed the Games memory of $ciroy, and that Theſexs ordained them in fatisfation of his death; becauſe he was his _ bran, Coſin-german , being the Sonne of Can:thus , and of Heniocha the Daughter of Pirhews. Others ſay =>ag ”” that it was Sin» and not Sciron , and that for him Theſews made theſe Games, and not for the me- mory of the ather. Howſoever it was, he ſpecially willed the COox1xTHIANS , that they ſhould give unto thoſe that came from ATHE Ns to ſee their Games of 7ſhyia , ſo much place 'to fit down

before them ( inthe moſt honourable part of the feaſt place ) as the ſail of their ſhip ſhould cover, = t

"'THESEUSS t

the which they came from ATzzns ; thus do Hellanicus and eAndron Halicarnaſſeni write bereof..

Touching the voyage he made by the ſea Major, Philochorus, and ſome others hold opinion; that he Theſeus jourtly went thither with Hercules againſt the AMazoNss ; and that ro honour his valiantneſs, Hercules into Mare md- gave him eAntiopa the Ax4z0N8, But the more part of the other Hiſtoriographers, namely Hellani- /**

C14, Pherecides, and Herodotws, dowrite, that Theſexs went thither alone, after Hercules voyage,and

that he took this A4z0x2 priſoner ; which is likelieſt to be true, For we do not find that any other

who went this journey with him, had taken any Ax4zoxs priſoner beſides himſelf, Boz alſo the ,,,;.. we Hiſtoriographer, notwithſtanding this ſaith, that he brought her away by deceit and ſtealth, For the Amazone £2- AMazoxzs ( ſaith one) naturally loving men , did not flee at all when they ſaw them land in vithed by The- their countrey, bur ſent them preſents, and that Theſes enticed her to come into his Ship, who [***. brought him a preſent : and ſo ſoon as ſhe was aboard, he hoyſed his fail, and ſo carried her

away. Another -nomggy v7 AE eHenecrates, who wrote the Hiſtory of the City N: c#4 in the

country of Brrurx14, faith; That Theſexs having this Axazevs Artiopa with him, remained

a certain time upon thoſe coaſts, and that amongſt other he had in his company three younger bre-

thren of Arzzns, £nnius, Thoas, and Solow. This laſt, Solozs,was marvelloully in love wich Antiopa, Soloi fell in and never bewrayed it to any of his other companions, ſaving unto one with whom he was moſt fa- \2v< with 4n- miliar, and whom he truſted beſt : ſo that he reported this matter unto Antiopa, But ſhe utterly re- ©

jected his ſuit, though otherwiſe ſhe handled it wiſely and courteouſly , and did not complain to

Theſeus of him. Howbeit the young man deſpairing to enjoy his love, rook it ſo inwardly , that de-

—_—_ he leapt into the River, i drowned himſelf; Which when Theſeus underſtood, and the $914js drown: cauſe alſo that brought him to this deſperation and end, he was very ſorry, and angry alſv, Where- ed himlelffor upon he remembred a certain Oracle of Pythis, by whom he was commanded to build a City in that !9v*-

place in a ſtrange countrey, where he ſhould be moſt ſorry, and that he ſhould leave ſome that were

about bim at that time, to govern the ſame, For this cauſe therefore he built a City in that place;

which he named PrrzoyoLiis, becauſe he built it onely by the commandment of the Nun

Pythia. He called the River in the which the young man was drowned, Sologs, in memory of him : Sotois ft. and left his two Brethren for his Deputies and as Governours of this new City, with another Gentle-

man of ATHzRs5, called Hermys. Hereof it cometh, that at this day the Prruorortitans call a Pytbopolis certain place of their City, Hermas houſe. Burt they fail in the accent, by putting it upon the laſt _ oy ſyllable : for in pronouncing it ſo, Hermw ſignifieth £ Mercury. By this means they do transfer yu!

the honour due to the memory of Herms, unto the god Mercury. Now hear what was the occaſion Ty. caſe os of the wars of the Amazons, which methinks was not a matter of ſmall moment, nor an en- the wars of terprize of a woman. For they had not placed their Camp within the very Ciry of Arazzxs, nor the Amazones had not fought inthe very place it ſelf (called Pnrc3) adjoyning to the Temple of the eMuſes, if 782i the they had not firſt conquered or ſubdued all the country thereabouts: neither had they all come ar 4%:

the firſt, ſo valiantly to affail the City of Arazns, Now whether they came by land from ſo far - a countrey, or that they paſſed over an arm of the ſea, which is called Boſphorus C:mmericus, being » oſphorusC im: frozen as —_—_—_— ſaith, it is hardly to be credited, But that they camped within the precinct of the _ + 2m tend

very City it ſelf, the names of the places which continue yet to this preſent day do witneſs it, and of the ſea. the graves alſo of the women which died there. But ſo it 1s, that both Armies lay a great time one in the tace of the other, ere they came to battle. Howbeit at the length Theſe: having firſt made Sacri- fice unto Feare the goddeſs, according to the counſel of a Prophecy he had received, he gave them Theſeur fght- battle in the moneth of 4guſ#, on the ſame day, in the which the Araznians do even at this eth a bart : preſent day ſolemnize the which they call Boedromia. But Clidemws the Hiſtoriographer, de- Vi the 4m: firous particularly to write all the circumſtances of this encounter, faith , rhat the left point of their gud of battle bent towards the place which they call Ama zox1on ; and that the right point marched by the Amexoree the ſide of Cnxrsa, eyen to the place which is called PxYcs , upon which the Arz#aniaxs battle. coming towards the Temple of the Aſſes, did firſt give their charge. And for proof that this is true, the un of the women which died in the firft encounter, are found yet inthe great ſtreet, which goeth towards the gate Piraica, near untothe Chappel of the little god Chalcodus, And the ATz3. NIANS ( faith he ) were in this place repulſed by the Aazonzs, even to the place where the Images of Eumenides are, that is to ſay, of the Furies, Bur on the other fide alſo, the Arzzx1ians coming towards the quarters of Palladium, Ardettws, and Lucium, drave back their right point even to within their Camp, and ſlew a great number of them, Afterwards, at the end of four moneths, peace peace conclus wastaken between them by means of one of the women called Hyppolira. For this Hiſtoriographer ded at four calleth the Amazons whichTheſeus married, Hyppolita, and-not Antiops, Nevertheleſs, ſome ſay moveths end, that ſhe was ſlain (fighting on Theſex fide) with a dart, by another called eolpadia. In memory by the wr rg whereof, the Pillar whichis joined to the Temple of the Olympian ground, was ſet up in her honour, COL] eare not to marvel, ifthe hiſtory of things ſo ancient, be tound ſo diverſly written, For there are alſo that write, that Queen Anriopa, ſent thoſe ſecretly which were hurt then into the City of Cz. e1DE, where ſome of them recovered, and were healed : and' others alſo died, which were buried near to the place called Amazonion, Howſoever it was, it is moſt certain that this war was ended by agreement, For a place adjoyning to the Temple of Theſes, doth bear record of it, being | Orcomeſium : becauſe the peace was there by ſolemn oath concluded. And the facrifice alſo Orcomeſon rhe doth truly verifie it, which they have made to the Azazonzs, before the Feaſt of Theſeus, long _—_ of a time out of minde. They of Mz%ana alſo do ſhew a Tombe of the A4z0N35 intheir City, —_ Which is as they go from the market place, to the place they call Rhus ; where they find an — 4 0Mve,

Cs,

I2

TT HESEVUS.

- 4

Ancient Tombes of loſenge fathi- on. Thermodon now called Hemon. fl,

Hyppolitus Theſeus Son by Antiops. Phadre The- ſens Wife and Minos Daugh- ter King of Crct i.

Theſeus mar- riapes,

Theſeus battles

Proverb, Not without The-

ſeur.

Proverb , Thz is another The- ſeas.

Theſeus vali- antnefs the

cauſe of Pzrj- thousfriendſhip with him.

Pirithous and Theſeus ſworn brethren ia the field, | Pirithous mar- fied Dcidamiy, The Lapithe overcome the Ceontaurl. Theſeus and Hercules met at T racbina.

| Tombe, cut in form and faſhion of a loſenge. They ſay that there died other of the Auatowss

alſo, near unto the City of Cxazzonza, which were buried all along the little brook paſling by the ſame, which in the old time (in mine opinion) was called Thermodon, and is now named Hemon, as we have elſewhere written in the Life ot Demoſthenes, And it ſeemeth alſo, that they did nor pals through Tuzs5s4LY without fighting : for there are ſeen yet of their Tombes all about the City of Scoruss, hard by the rocks which be called the Doggs-head. And this is that which is worthy me- mory (in mine opinion) touching the wars of thefe Awazoxzs, How the Poet telleth , that the A*442ONES made wars with Theſes to revengethe injury he did to their Queen Antiopa, reſu- ſing her, to marry with Phedra : and for the murder which he telleth that Hercules did; that me- thinks is altogether but a device of Poets, It is very true, that after the death of Antiopa, Theſeus married Phedra, baving had before of Antiopa a Son called Zyppolitns, or as the Poet Pindarus writeth, Demophon, And for that the Hiſtoriographers do not in any thing ſpeak againſt the tragical Poets, in that which concerneth the il} hap that chanced to him, in the perſons of this his Wife, and of his Son : we muſt needs take 'it to beſo, as we find it written in the Tragedies. And yet we find many other reports touching the marriages of Theſex5, whoſe beginnings had no great good honeſt ground, neither fell out their ends very fortunate : and yet for all that they make no Trage- dies of them, neither have they been played in the Theaters. For we read that he took away Aznaxo, the Tx0£z5N14N, and that aſter he had killed $5775 and Cercyon, he rook their Daughters per- force : and that he did alſv marry Pheribea the Mother of Ajax, and afterwards Pherebea, and Joppa the Daughter of Jphicles, And they blame him much alfo, for that he fo lightly forſook hjs We Ariadne, for the love of e£gles the Daughter of Panopens, as we have recited before, Laſtly, be took away Hellen: which raviſhment filled alt the Realm of ArvTrca with wars, and fall was the very occaſion that forced him to forfake his countrey, and broughs him art tength ro his end, as we will tell you hereafter. -Albeit in his time other Princes of Gazz cs haddone many goodly and notable exploirs in the wars, yet Herodorus is of opinion, that Fheſtus was never in any ' one of them : ſaving that he was atthe battle of the Zapirhe againſt the Cexrauri. Others ſay to the con- trary, that he was at the journey of Colchide with Jaſon, and that he did: betp Afeleager ta kill the wild Bore of Calydonia : from whence (as they ſay). this Proverb-came ; Nor m5. Theſens : meaning that ſuch a thing was not done without great help of another, Howbeit it is certaia that Theſeus ſelf did many famous aRs, without aid of any man, and that for his valiantnefs this Pro- verb came in uſe, which is ſpoken ; Thi 1s another Theſeus. Alſo hedid belp 4draſtus King of the Anxctyts, to. recover the bodies of thoſe that were flain in the battle, before the City of Tus. »:s. Howbeit it was not, as the Poet Euriprdes ſaith, by force of arms, after he had overcome the Tags,ns in battle, but it was by compoſition: And thus the greateſt number of rhe moſt ancient writers do declare it. Furthermorez Phzlochorss writeth, that this was the firſt treaty that ever was made to recover the dead bodies {lain in battle : Nevertheleſs we read in the hiſtories and geſts of Hercules, that he was the firſt that ever ſuffered his enemies to carry away their dead bodies, after they had been put to the ſword. But whoſoever he was, at this day inthe village of E&:surnznns, they do ſhew the place where the people were buried, and where Princes Tombes are ſeen about the City of Ex»us18 , which: he made at the requeſt of Adraſtus. And: for teſtimony hereof, the Tragedy e£ſchilus made of the Exnus1n1ans , where he cauſeth it to, be ſpoken even thus to Theſexs himſelf, doth clearly overthrow the petitioners in Exripides. Touching the friendſhip, he- twixt P#rithous and him, it is ſaid it began thus : The renown of his valiancy was marvellouſly blown abroad through all Gazzcz , and P:rithoxs deſirous tro know it by experience, went even of pur-

- poſe to invade his Countrey, and brought away a' certain booty of Oxen of his, taken out of the

Countrey of Matarron, Theſes being advertifed thereof, armed ftraight, and went tothe reſcue, Prithous hearing of his coming, fled not at-all, but retyrned back ſuddenly to meet him. And ſo ſoon as they cameto ſee one another, they both wondred-at each others beauty and-courage, and fo had they no deſire to fight. But P rithous reaching our his hand firſt to Theſexs, ſaid unto him ; 1 make your ſelf judge of the damage you have ſuſtained by my invaſion, and with all my heart I will. make ſuch ſatisfaRtion, . as it ſhall pleafe you to aſſeſs it at. Zheſecs then did nor only releaſe him of all the damages he had done, but alſo requeſted him he would become his friend, and brother in arms, Heres upon they were preſently fworn' brethren mm the fteld : after which oath berwixt them, P3richous

» married Deidemia, and ſentto pony Toſs to come to his matriage, to viſit his Countrey, and to

make merry with the Lapithe. | He had bidden alſo the Centauri to the feaſt ; who being drunk, com- mitted many lewd -parts, even to the forcing-of women, Hawbeitthe Lapithe chaſtiſed them ſo well, that they ſlew fome of them preſently in the place, and draye the reft forwards out of the countrey by the help of The/exs, who armed himſelf, and fought on their fide. Yet Herodorus writeth the matter ſomewhat contrary, ſaying, that 7hefexs' went not at all untill the war was well begun ; and that irwas the firſt time that he ſaw Hercules, and ſpake unto him: near unto the. City of Tzacaurns, when he was then quiet, having ended alt his far voyages and greateſt troubles, They report that this meeting together was full of great -cheer, much kindneſs and honourable entertainment between them, and great courteſte was offered to each- other, Nevertheleſs merhinks we ſhould give better credit to thoſe writers that ſay they met many- times rogether , and that Hercules was accepted and received: 'into the brotherhood: of the myfteries of Ezzus1s, by the means of the caug- tenance and fayour which 7heſexs ſhewed unto him : and that his purification alſo was thereby al- lowedof, who was to be purged of neceffity of all his ill deeds and crvelties, before he could enter _ | YR

—— - *

THESEUS. Z the company of thoſe holy myſteries. Furthermore, Theſexs was fifty years old when he took away Hellen and raviſhed her, which was very young, and not of age to be married, as Hellanicus ſth. Thi fift v By reaſon whereof , ſome ſeeking to hide the raviſhment of her as a haynous fact, do report ir was years 0M when not he, but one [das and Lyncer that carried her away, who left her in his cuſtody and keeping : he rayithed and that Theſes would have kept her from them, and would not have delivered her to her Brethren © Caſtor and Pollux, which afterwards did demand her again of him. Others again ſay, it was her own Father Tyndarw, who gave her to keep, for that he was atraid of Enarshorwus the Son of Hippocoon, who would have had her away by force. Bur that which cometh neareſt to the troth in this caſe, and which indeed by many Authors is teſtified, was in this ſort. Theſexs and Perithors went together, to the City of LaczpaMoN, where they took away Hellen (being yet very young ) The m1; even as ſhe was dancing in the. Temple of Dzana, ſurnamed 0rthia: and they fled for lite. They of Hellons rxyif LACEDMON ſent after her, but thoſe that followed went no further then the Ciry of T6 £4, Now when they were eſcaped out of the Country of PeLorpoN xEsus, they agreed to draw Lors © 977 together, which of them rwo ſhould have her, with condition that whoſe Lot it was to have her, he ſhould rake her to his Wife, and ſhould be bound alſo to help his Companion to get him another It was Theſexs hapto light upon her, who carried herto the City of Ayi4riDxes, becauſe the was Yb. "= yet too young to be married. Whither he cauſed his Mother to come to bring her up, and gave his Fpellen in the Friend called Aphidnes the charge of them both, recommending her to his good care, and to keep it &fy © 476 44- ſo ſecretly, that no body ſhould know what was become of her. Becauſe he would do the like for 34. —_ Perithoxs ( according to the agreement made betwixt them ) he went into Ey1rus with him-to ich Feria ſteal the Daughter of eAidonexs, King of the MoLOs51aNs, who had ſurnamed his Wite Pro- into Epirus to ſerpina, his Daughter Proſerpina, and his Dog Cerberus, with whom he made them fight which fecal Proſcrpe. came to ask his Daughter in marriage, promiſing to give her to him that ſhould overcome his Cer- ra O—_ berus. But the King underſtanding that Perithous was come, not to requeſt his Daughter in mar- mn RO riage, but to ſteal her away, he rook him Priſoner with Theſeus : and as for Perithous, he cauſed in pieces with him preſently to be torn 1n pieces with his Dog, and ſhut The/exs up in cloſe priſon. In the mean Cerberus: time there was oneat ATHENS called Jdeneſtbers, the Son of Peters ; which Petenus was the Son T*[cus clofe of Orneus, and Orneus was the Son of Erittheus. This. Meneſtheus was the firſt that began to flat- 2's er the people, and did ſeek to win the favour of the .commonalty , by ſweet enticing words : by which device he ſtirred up the chiefeſt of the City. againſt Theſes (who indeed long betore began to be weary of him ) by declaring unto them how Theſexs had taken. from them their Royalties and Signiories, and had ſhut them up in ſuch ſort within the walls of a City, that he might the better keep them in ſubjeRion and obedience inall things, after his will. The poor inferiour ſort of peoplg# he did ſtir up alſo to Rebellion, perſwading them that ir was no other then a dream of Liberty

that was promiſed them : and how contrariwiſe' they were clearly diſpoſſeſſed and thrown out of their own houſes, of their Temples, and from their natural places where they were barn, to the end onely that of many good and loving Lords which they were wont tq.-have before, they ſhould now be compelled to ſerve one onely head, and a ſtrange Lord, ' Even ae Meneſthens was very hot about this praQtiſe, the War of the Tyndarides fell our at-that inſtant, which greatly furthered his pre- tence. For theſe Tyndarides (rowit'the Childreg of Tymarns) Caſtor and Pollax, came down with the T1ndarides

The war of

with th: Athe- nidns.

a great Army againſt the City of ATHENS :' and ſome lulpet ſore that eXlemeftheus was cauſe of their comming thither. Howbeit at the firſt entry they did no: hurt at all in the countrey, bur only demanded reſtitution of their Sifter, To whom the Citizens made an{wer,that they knew not where ſhe was left : and then the Brethren began to make ſpoil, -and offer war indeed. Howbeit there was one called Academusr, who having knowledge (I cannot tell by. what means) that ſhe was ſecretly hidden in the Ciry of Ay41DNEs, revealed itunto them. By reaſon whereof the T yndarides. did always ho- nour him very much, ſo long as he lived, and afterwards the LaczDzMoNIA Ns, having oft burne and deſtroyed the whole countrey of AT T1c 4 throughout, they would yet never touch the Academy of ATHENS for Academus ſake. Yet Dicearchxs ſaith,that in the Army of the Tyndarides there were Academiz why two ARCADIANS, Echedemus and Marathus,and how of the Name ot one of them,it was then called m —_ F the place of Echedemy, which fithence hath been called Academia ::and-after the Name of the other, ems 6 there was a Village called MaxaTHoN, becauſe he willingly offered himſelf to be ſacrificed before nd razed by the battle, as obeying the order and commandment of a Prophecy. ©So they went and pitched their the Tyndarides Camp before the Ciry of Ae#iDN es, and having won the bartle and taken.the Ciry by aſſault, they 495 Srons razed the place, They ſay that Alycus,the Son of Scixor was (lain in this field, who was in the Hoſt of ;** 4 _ the Tyndarides, and that after his Name, a certainquarter of the Territory of Mz6 ara, was called i;4nes. Alycus, in the which his body was buried. Howbeit Hereas writeth, that Theſeus ſel did kill him be- | tore APHIDNEs : In witnels whereof he alledgeth certain verſes which ſpeak of Alycus. While as he ſought with all his might and main In thy defence fair Hellen for to fight, In eAphidnes upon the pleaſant plain, Pf: Bold T heſeus to cruel death bim dight. Howbeir it is not likely to be true, that Theſeus being there, rH Ciry :of A yn1DxEs, and his Mo« ther alſo were taken,» But when it was won, they of ATHENs began to quake for fear, and Meneſtheus counſeled them to receive the 7 yndarides into the City, and to make them good chear, ſo they would make no wars but upon- Theſes, which was the firft that had done the wrong and

injury : and that co all other elſe they ſhould ſhew favour and good will. And ſo it fell out. = C | when

14 U BESEUS

CLI

when the T yndarides had all in their power to do as they liſted , they demanded nothing elſe but that

'TheTyndarides they might be received into their Corporation, and not to be reckoned for ſtrangers, no more than

honoured as Fercales was : the which was granted the 7 yndarides, and Aphidnus did adoprthem for his Children,

gods, and call- 1c Pylizes had adopted Hercules. Moreover they did honour them as if they had beengods, calling

y <a age 4;, them eLnaces. Either. becauſe _ ceaſed the wars, or for that they ordered themſelves ſo well,

Deor. lib, z, that their whole Army being lodged within the City, there was not any hurt or diſpleaſure done to

Kings called any perſon: bur as it became thoſe that have the charge of any thing, they did carefully watch to

Anaites. ;, Preſerve the good quiet thereof, All which this Greek word eAnacos doth fignifie, whereof per-

— why 10 chance it comes that they call the Kings eAnattes. There are others alſo who hold opinion that they

| A#ithrataken Were called eAnaces, becauſe of their Stars which appeared in the air, For the ArT1ican Tongue

priſoner and faith, eAnecas, and eAnecathen, where the common people ſay Ano, and Another, that is to lay,

carried to L4- ghgye, Nevertheleſs eAthra, Theſeus Mother, was carried priſoner to Lactpzmon, and from

_ . : thence to Txo14 with Hellen, as ſome ſay : and as Homer himſelf doth witneſs in his verſes, where he — _—_ s ſpeaketh of the Women that followed Heller :

verſes, eAthra the Daughter dear of Pitheus aged Sire, And with her fair Clymene ſbe, whoſe eyes moſt men deſure.

Yet there are other who as well reje& theſe two verles, and maintain they are not Fomers : as alſo

they reprove all thatis reported of AAunychus: to wit, that Laicide being privily conceived of him by

Demophon,he was brought up ſecretly by eAthra within Tr014. But Heſter the Hiſtorian in his thir-

teenth of his Hiſtories of ATT1ca, maketh a recital far contrary to other , ſaying, that ſome hold

opinion, that Paris Alexander was ſlain in battle by Achilles and Patroclus in the Country of Th t s-

SALY, near to the River of Sperchixs, and that his Brother He&or took the City of TRotzzn,

from whence he brought away ethra : in which there is no manner of appearance or likelihood. Bur

eAadonins King of the MoLoSSIANS, feaſting Hercules one day as he paſſed through his Realm,deſ-

cended by chance into talk of Theſexs and Perithous,how they came to fteal away his Daughter ſecret-

Sperchins fl, ly: and atter told how they werealſo punifhed. Hercules was marvelloully ſorry to underſtand that one

Theſeus deli- of them was now dead,and the other in danger to die ,- and thought with himſelf that to make his mone

vered out of tg e Agdoneus, it would not help the matter : he beſought him only that he would deliver Theſeus for

_ by Hcr- his fake. And he granted him. . Thus Theſews being delivered of his captivity, returned to ATaz ns,

Gut.s Ment® wherehis friends were notalrogether kept under-by. his enemies : and at his return he did dedicate to

Hercules all the Temples, which _— had before cauſed to be built in his own honour. And where

firſt of all they were called Theſea, he did now furnamethem all Herculea, excepting four, as Philo-

chorus writeth.Now when he was arrived at ATHENSs,he would immediately have commanded and or-

dered things as he waswontto do: but he found himſelf troubled much with ſedition, becauſe thoſe whe

had hated him of along time, had added alſo to their old cankred hate, a diſdain and contempt to fear

The Athenians him any more. And the common people were now become ſo ſtubborn, that where before they would

_ to ey have done all that they were commanded, and have ſpoken nothing tothe con , now they looked

_ to be born with and flattered; Whereupon Theſexs thought at the fiſt to have uſed force, but he was

| forced by the fa&tion and contention of his enemies to let all alone, and in the end, defpairing he ſhould

ever bring his matters to pals to hisdefire,: he ſecretly ſent away his Children unto the Ifle of Eu -

2OEA, tO Elphenorthe Son'of Chalcodus. And hitnſelf after he had made many wiſhes and curſes

againſt the ATHENIANS, in the village of GaxGzTTus, in a place which for that cauſe to this

day is called Araterion, (that is to ay, the place of curſings) he did take the ſeas, and went into the Iſle

Theſcus led of Sc1Ros, where he had Lands and Poſſeſfions, and thought alfo to have found Friends. Lycomedes

from q _ - c reigned at that time, and was King of the Iſle,” unto whom Theſexs made requeſt for ſome Land, as in-

; tip *Itle © tending to dwell there : albeit ſome ſay that he required him togive him aid againſt the ATHznraws.

Lycomedes, were it that hedoubted to entertain ſo great a Perlonage, or that he did it to gratifie Aſe-

Theſeur cruelly 2eſ{bers ;, carried him up to the high Rocks, feigning as thongh he would from thence have ſhewed him

Aain by Lyco- All his Country round about : butwhen he had/him he threw him down headlong from the top of

medes. the Rocks to the bottom, and put him thus unfortunately to death. Yer other write, that he fell down

Meneſtheus , of himſelf by an unfortunate chance, walking ane day after ſupper as he was wont. There was no man

King of APCn# .t that time that did follow or purſue his death, but Meneſtbegs quietly remained: King of ATHzxs :

Theſeus Sons and the Children of Theſexs, as private Soldiers followed Elphexor'in the Wars of TR014. But after

' thedeath of Meneſtherxs, who died inthe journey to TROY, (Theſexs Sons returned unto ATHENS,

where they recovered their State. Sithence there were many occaſions which moved the AT HE x1-

ANS to reverence and honour him as ademy-god. For in the Battle of Marathon, many thought they

ſaw his ſhadow and image in arms, fighting againft the barbarous people. And after the wars of the

Medes (the year wherein Phedon was Governour of ATHz xs) the Nun Pithia anſwered the AtHt-

NIANS, Who had ſent to the Oracle of Apolto: that they ſhould bring back the bones of Theſexs,and

putting them in ſome honourable place, they ſhould preſerve and honour them devoutly. Bur it was a

hard matter to find his grave, and if they had found it, yet hadirbecn a hard thing to have brought his

bones away, for the malice of thoſe barbarous people. which inhabited that Iſle: which were ſo wild and

= - _—_— ferce,that.none couldtrade or live with them. NotwithſtandingC:worhaving taken thelſland(as we have

= CE written in his Life) and ſeeking his grave : perceiving by good hapan Eagle pecking with her beak,and

| eth Theſes © ſcraping with her claws in a place of ſome prey heighth : ſtraight it came into his mind (as by divine

Lones to A- inſpiration) to ſearch and dig the place, where was found the Tomb of a great body, with the head of

rhons, a Spear which was of braſs, and a Sword with-it, All which things were brought to Aris ns by

Cimon

ROMULUS.

15

Cimon inthe Admiral-gally. The ATHEN1ANs received them with great joy, with proceſiions and goodly Sacrifices, as it Theſens himſelt had been alive, and had returned into the City again, At this day all theſe relicks lye yet 1n the midſt of the City, near to the place where the young men do uſe all their exerciſes of body. There is free liberty of acceſs for all {laves and poor men (that are afflited and purſued by any mightier than themſelves) to pray and ſacrifice in remembrance of 7 hefer:: who while he lived was protector of the oppreſſed, and did courteoully receive their requeſts and P<- titions that prayed to have aid of him. The greateſt and moſt ſolemn Sacrifice they do unto him, is on the eighth day of Ottober, in which he returned from CxErT a with the other young Children of A- THENS. Howbeit they do not leave to honour him every eighth day of all other moneths, either becauſe he arrived from TROEZEN at ATHENS the eighth day of Fuze, as Diodoras the Colmogra- pher writeth : or for that they thought that number ro be meeteſt tor him, becauſe the bruit ran he was begotten of 2\eprune. They do facritice alſo to Neptune the eighth day of every moneth, be- cauſe the number ot eight is the firſt cube made of even number, and the double of the firſt ſquare: which doth repreſent a ſtedtaſtneſs immoveable, properly attributed rs the might of Neptune, whom for this cauſe we ſurname Aſphalins, and Geiochus, which by interpretation doth fgnitie the (ate Keeper and the ſtayer of the earth, The end of Tatstus Life.

THE LIFE OF

| [& _

eAnt. Chriſt,

O

——_

The/-1u5 Tom,

Nepturc wh: cailed A/rh ;- lits ard Gai

"a 1.4

| 75 0. WO HE Hiſtoriographers do not agree in their writings, by whom, nor for Divers opini- F what cauſe the great Name of the City of Roms ( the glory whereof is y"* 200 ye

blown abroad through all the world) was firſt given unto ir. For ſome think that the Pelaſgians, after they had overcome the greateſt part of the world, and had inhabited and ſubdued many Nations, n the end did ſtay themſelves inthat place where it was new builded : and for their great ſtrength and power in arms, they gave the Name of Roms unto the City, as ſignifying power in the Greek rongue. Other ſay, that after the taking and deſtruction of TRo1a, there were certain TRo1A Ns, whicl ſaving themſelves from the ſword, took ſuch veſſels as they found at ad-

Name of Rome

ven'ure in the Haven , and were by windes put to the TyuscAaxe ſhore, where they anckered near unto the River of Tyber. There their Wives being ſo ſore ſea-ſick, that poſſibly they could not any moreendure the boiſterous ſurges of the ſeas, it happened one of them among the reſt (che Nobleſt and wileſt of the company) called Koa, to counſel the other Women of her companions, to ſer their Ships afire ; which they did accordingly. Wherewith their Husbands at the firſt were marvelloully offended, But afterwards, being compelled of neceility to plant themſelves near unto the City of PaLLAaNnTIUuM, they were appeaſed when they ſaw things proſper better then they hoped for, finding the ſoil there

fertile, and the people their neighbours civil and gentle in entertaining them. Wherefore among other

honours they did to requite this Lady Roma,they called their City after her Name,as from whom came the original cauſe of the building and foundation: thereof. They (ay, that from thence came this cuſtom continuing yet to this day at Roe, that the Women ſaluting their Kinsſolks and Husbands, do kils

C 2 them

= y Tyorts ſÞ , - ”

The beginning Ot Killing their Kinstolk on the mouth, came

from the Tre

11 WURIKN,

! bt i . : i My ,

F 'f d FF I | ' |

TG CE a ee IO

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them on the mouth, for ſo did theſe TRo1a N Ladies to pleaſe their Husbands, and to win them again, after they had oſt their favours, and procured their diſpleaſures with burning of their ſhips, Other ſay, that Roma was the Daughter of 1talxs, and of Lucaria, or elſe of —_—_ the Son of Hercules, and Wife of /fneas : other {ay, of Aſcaris the Son of eAneas,who named the City after her Name. Other bold opinion, that it was Romans (the Son of Vi:ſſes and of Circe) that firſt founded Row: other will ſay, that it was Romy the Son of Emathion, whom Diomedes ſent thither from Tro1A. Other write, that it was one Roms: a Tyrant of the LaTiNs, who drave the Trius cans out of thoſe parts ; which departing out of THESSALY, went firſt ofall into LyD1a, and afterwards from Fables of Ro- L-YD7A into ITALY. And furthermore, they whothink that Romulus (as indeed it carrieth beſt like- »tus birth. Jlihood) was he that gave the Name to the City, do not agree about his anceſtors, For ſome of them write, that hewasthe Son of <Aneas, and of Dexitheathe Daughter of Phorbxs, and that he was

brought into ITALY of a little Child withhis Brother Remy : and that at that time the River of Ty-

ber being overflown, all other Ships were caſt away, ſaving the Ship in which the two little Boys were,

which by great good hap came to ſtay upona very plain even ground on the bank : and becauſe the

Children beyond all hope were ſaved by this means, therefore the place was afterwards called Roma.

Other ſay, that Roma the Daughter of the firſt Trojan Lady was married unto Latin the Son of

Telemachyus, by whom ſhe had Romulus. Other write, that it was e/£1:/:4 the Naughter of AEneas,

and of Lavinia, which was begotten with child by the god Mars. Other tell a tale of Romulus birth,

nothing true nor likely. For it is ſaid that there was ſometime a King of A1.z a named T archerins, a

very wicked and cruel man, in whoſe houſe through the permiſſion of the gods, appeared ſuch a like

viſion : that there roſe upin the hearth of his chimney the form and faſhion of a mans privy-member,

which continued there many days, And they ſay, that at that time there was in Thuscant an

An Oracle of Oracle of Therss, from whom they brought unto this wicked King T archetizs ſuch an anſwer, that he Thetis ia Thiſ= ſhould cauſe his Daughter yet unmarried to have carnal company with the ſtrange thing, for ſhe _ ſhould bear a Son, that ſhould be famous for his valiancy, for ſtrength of body, and his happy ſuccels, | wherein he ſhould exceed all men of his time. T archers told this Oracle unto one of his Daughters, and willed her ro entertain this ſtrange thing : but ſhediſdaining to do it, ſent one of her waiting wo-

men to undertake the entertainment. But T archerzz was ſo'mad ar this, that he cauſed them both to

be taken to put them to death : howbeit the goddels Yeſfa appeared ro him in his ſteep in the night,

and charged him he ſhould not do it. Whereupon he did command them to make him A piece of

Cloath in the priſon, with promiſe that they {ſhould be married when they had finiſhed it. Theſe poor

Maids toiled at it all the live long day, but in the night there came other (by T archerins commandment)

that did undo all they had done the day before. In the mean time, this waiting woman that was got

with child by this ſtrange thing, was delivered of two goodly boys or twins: whom Tarchetius gave

- unto one Teratius, With expreis commandment he ſhould caſt them away. This Teratiu; carried them

to the bank of the River ; thither came a ſhe-Wolf and gave them ſuck, and certain Birds that

brought little crums and put them in their mouthes, untill a Swincheard perceiving them, and wondring

at the ſight, did boldly go to the Children, and took them away with him, Theſe Infants being thus pre-

ſerved, after they were come to mans ſtate, did ſet upon T archerius and (lew him, One Promarhion

an Italian writer, delivereth this tory thus, But the report that carrieth beſt credit of all, and is allow-

ed of by many writers, cometh from Dzocles Peparethian ( whom Fabins Piitor followeth in many

things ) who was the firſt that put forth this ſtory among the Grtc1ans, and eſpecially the

chieteſt points of it. Though this matter be ſomwhat diverſly taken, yet in effe& the ſtory is

See the frag. thus, The right line and bloud of the Kings of AL za deſcended from Exe as, by ſucceſſion from ments of Fz- the Father to the Son ; and the Kingdom fell in the end berween two Brethren, Nymiror and 4- _ » => mulins, They agreed by Lot to makediviſion between them, whereof the one to have the Kingdom, neg T {;. and the other all the Gold, Silver,ready Money, Goods and Jewells brought from Tx01a. 2 umiror carnaſſeus, and by his Lot choſe the Realm for his portion : Amulixs having all the*Gold and Treaſure in his bands, T. Livius. did find himſelf thereby the ſtronger, and ſo did eafily take his Realm from him. And fearing leſt Romulus Kin- hjs Brothers Daughter might have Children which one'day might thruft him oi 1gatin, he made od. her a Nun of the goddeſs Yeſta, there to paſs her days in virginity, and never to be married : ( ſome call her Rhea, other Sylvia, and other 14:4 ) nevertheleſs 'not Tong after ſhe was found

Romulus Mo- with child, againſt the rule and profeſſion of the Veſtal Nuns. So nothing had ſaved her from _ preſent death, but the Petition of Axtho the Daughter of King Amwulins, who entreated her Father for her life : yer notwithſtanding ſhe was ſtraightly locked up, that no body could ſee her, nor ſpeak with

her, leſt the ſhould be brought to bed without eAmwulins knowledge. In the end ſhe was delivered of

wo fair Boys and marvellous great twins : which made Amulins more afraid 'than' before. So

he commanded one of his men to take the two Children, and ro throw them away, and deſtroy

Fauſtwis. them. Some ſay that this ſervants Name was Fauſtulus : other think 'it was he that brought them up. Burt whoſoeverhe was, he that had the charge to throw them away, purthem'in a Trough, and

went towards the River with intention to throw them in. Howbeit he found it riſen {6 high, and run-

ing ſo- ſwiftly, that he durſt not come near the waters ſide, and ſo they being in the Trough, he

laid them on the bank, In the mean time the River ſwelling ſtill, and overflowing the bank,

in ſuch ſort that it came under the Trqugh, did gently lift up the Trough, and carried it unto a

Cormanim. &reat plain, called at this preſent Cermanum, and in the old time Germanum (as Itake it) becauſe the Romans called the Brothers of Father and Mother, Germani. Now there was near unto this

Ruminalis, Place a wild Fig-tree which they called Rum5nalis, of the Name of Rownlus, as the moſt part thought: Ox

ROMULUS, t7

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or elſe becauſe the beaſts feeding there, were wont to come under the fame in the extream heat of the day, and there did ruminate, that is, chew their cud in the ſhadow : or perhaps becauſe that the two Children did ſuck the teat of the Wolte, which the ancient LaTins call Rum, and they at this day do yet call the goddeſs on whom they cry out to give their Children ſuck, Ruax1t 1a, The goddeſs And in their ſacrifices to her they uſe no wine, bnr offer up Milk and Water mingled with Hony. To Rumili. theſe two Children lying there in this ſort, they write, there carne a ſhe-Wolfe, and gave them ſuck, and a Hitwaw alſo which did help to nouriſh and keepthem : Theſe two beaſts are thought to be conſecrated to the god eHars, andthe LaTtiNns do fingularly honour and reverence the Hitwaw. This did much help to give credit to the words of the Mother, who affirmed ſhe was conceived of thoſe two Children, by the god eHars. Howbeit lome think ſhe was deceived in her opinion : for eAmulius that had her maidenhead, went to her all armed, and perforce did raviſh her. Other hold opinion that the Name of the Nurſe which gave the two Children ſuck with her breaſts, gave occa- fion to common report to erre much in this tale, by reaſon of the double ſignification thereof. For the LaT1Ns do call with one ſelf name ſhe-Wolves Zxpas, and Women that give their bodies to all comers ; as this Nurſe the Wife of Fa»ſtulus (that brought thele Children home to her houſe ) did uſe todo. By her right Name ſhe was called eAcca Laurentia, unto whom the Romans do facri- fice yet unto this day : and the Prieſt of ears doth offer unto her in the moneth of April, the ſhed- — CCLLARFERLTA ding of Wine and Milk accuſtomed at burials, and the Feaſt it ſelf is called Laurentia. It is true that Wit they honour alſo another Larertia for like occaſion, The Clark or Sexton of Hercyles Temple, not nurſcd the knowing one day how to drive away the time, as it ſhould ſeem, of a certain livelineſs and boldneſs, Twins. ' did deſire the god Hercules to play at Dice with him, with condition that if he did win, Hercules The Greek: ſhould be bound to ſend him ſome good fortune + and if it were his luck to loſe, then he promiſed _ Lanes: Hercules he would provide him a very good ſupper, and would beſides bring him a fair Gentle- * woman to lye withall, The conditions of the play thus rehearſed, the Sexton firſt caſt the Dice for Her- cules, and afterwards for himſelf. It fell out that Hercules wan, and the Sexton meaning good faith, and thinking it very meet to perform the bargain that himſelf had made, prepared a good ſupper, Laurentiz and hired this Laurentia the Curtiſan, which was very fair, but as yet of no great fame to come to ir, Feait- | Thus having feaſted within the Temple, and prepared a bed ready there, after ſupper he locked her (4*n** * into the Temple, as if Hercules ſhould have come indeed and lain with her. And it is ſaid for troth, wn os that Hercules came thither, and commanded her in the morning ſhe ſhould go into the market-place, and ſalute the firſt man ſhemet, and keep him ever for her friend, Which thing ſhe performed, and the firſt man ſhe met was called Tarrutixs, a man of great years, and one that had gathered together Tarruriue, marvellous wealth and riches, He had no children at all, neither was he ever married, He fell ac- quainted with this Laxrentia, and loved her ſo dearly, that ſhortly chancing to die, he made her heir of all he had : whereof ſhe diſpoſed afterwards by her laſt Will and Teſtament, the beſt and greateſt part unto the people of Rome. Moreover it is reported alſo, that ſhe now being grown to be fa- mous and of great honour (88 thought to be the Lemman ofa god ) did vaniſh away ſuddenly in the ſelf-ſame place where the firſt Laurentia was buried. The place at this day is called Yelabrum , becauſe rhe River being overflown, they were often times compelled to paſs by boat to go to the Anat T tie market-place,and they called this manner of ferrying over, Yelatura. Other ſay, that thoſe Tumblers pecad.;, ib. 7. and common Players, which ſhewed ſundry games and paſtimes to win the favour of the people, were wont to cover that paſſage over with canyas clothes and vails, by which they go from the market- place to the Liſts or ſhew-place where they run their Horſes, beginning their race even at that place , and they call a vail in their tongue Yelum.. This is the cauſe why the ſecond Laurentia is honoured at Roms, Faxſtulus chief Neat-heard to Amulins, took up the two Children, and no body knew it, as ſome ſay ; or- as others report (the likeſt to be true) with the privity and knowledge of Numitor Amulius Brother, who ſecretly furniſhed them with money that brought up the rwo young Chil- dren, It is ſaid alſo they were both conveighed unto the City of the Gaz1ans, where they were — up at ſchool, and taught all other honeſt things, which they uſe to teach the Sons and ,,,,.. ..x Children of good and Noble nwn, Further they ſay, they were Named Remus and Romulus, be- rem; a cauſe they were found ſucking on the teats of a Wolte. Now the beauty of their bodies did tion. m—_ ſhew, beholding only but their ſtature and manner of rheir countenances, of what na- ture and lineage they were: and as they grew in years, their manly courage encreaſed marvel- louſly, ſo as they became ſtout and hardy men, inſomuch as they were never troubled or aſtonied at any danger that was offered them. Howbeit it appeared plainly that Romalus had more wit and underſtanding than his Brqther Remus, For in all things wherein they were to deal with their neighbours, either concerning hunting, or the bounds and limits of their Paſtures , it was ealily diſcerned in him, that he was born to command, and not to obey. For this cauſe they were both exceedingly beloved of their companions, and of thoſe which were their inferiours. As for the Kings Heardſmen, they paſſed not much for them, ſaying that they were even like themſelves, and ſo ſeemed not to care a pin for their anger or diſpleaſure, but wholly gave themſelves to all gentlemanly exerciſes and trades, thinking to live idly and at eaſe without trayel , was neither comely nor conyenient : bur to exerciſe and harden their bodies with hunting , running , purſuing murderers and theives, and to help thoſe which were oppreſſed with wrong and violence , ſhould be credit and commendation to them. By reaſon whiereof, in very ſhort time they grew to great tame and renown. And it fell out by chance there aroſe ſome ſtrife and variance between the Heardſmen of eAmxlixs, and the Heardſmen of Numitor ; infomuch as thoſe that were —_—

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carried away by force ſome Cattle of the others. The other ſide would not bear that, bur purſued faſt

after, and beating them well-favouredly , they made them take their legs, and brought back again

the greateſt part of the Cattle they had carried away with them, Whereat Numer ſtormed mar-

vellouſly, bur yer his men ſeemed to make but little account of it, and purpoſing revenge , they ga-

thered about them a good company of vagabonds ( that had neither home nor reſting place ) and

Romulus a Certain fugitive bondmen which they enticed u[-favouredly , encouraging them to ſteal atvay from godiy man, _ their Maſters. Thus one day whileſt Romnl;z was bulie about ſome Sacrifice ( being a devout man and religious, and well given to ſerve the gods, and to learn to. divine and tell betorehand whac

things ſhould happen and come to paſs) it happened the Heardmen of \Vamiror to meet Renns very

ſlenderly accompanied , fo they fel] upon him fuddenly : blows were dealt roundly on both fides,

| and men were hurt on either part, Howbeit Nzmztors men in the end proved the ſtronger part, and - pong take? took Rem by force, and carried him ſtraight before Namitor alledging many complaints and - ST” matters againſt him; Numitor durſtnot puniſh him of his own authority, becauſe he feared his Bro- | ther Amnlizs,who was fomewhat terrible: but went unto him, and earneſtly beſought him ev do him juſtice, and not to ſuffer him being his own Brother, to receive ſuch injury of his men. There: was not

a man in the City of Ar 34, but did greatly miflikethe injury done to N.umitor : and fpake it open«

ly, that he was no perſon to be offered fucha wrong. Infomuch as eAmmiins moved herewith, did

deliver Remus into his hands, to puniſh him as he thought good. Whereupon I umztor carried him home with him. But when-he had him in his houſe, he began to conſider better ot him, with admira- tion how goodly a young man he was, how in heighth and ſtrength of body he paſſed all the reſt of his people,and perceiving in his face an aſſured conſtancy, and bold ſtedfaſt courage that yeilded not, nor | was abaſhed for any danger he ſaw towards him: and hearing alſo the report of his a&ts and man- _ Provi- hood to be anſwerable ro that he ſaw ; (bring chiefly moved in mine opinion, by ſome ſecret inſpi-

ence, . , . ,

ration of the gods, which ordain the depth of great matters) began partly by conjeQure, and partly by chance to take a conceit of him, So he asked him what he was, and who was his Father and Mo- ther : ſpeaking to him in a more gentle wiſe, and with a friendlier countenance then before, to make Remus Orati- him the bolder to anſwer, and be of better hope. Remus boldly anfwered him , Truly I will not hide on, declaring thetroth from thee, for thou ſeemeſt to be more worthy to be King then tlry Brother eAmrlins. For rac bins ©. thou enquireſt, and heareſt firſt before thou condemneſt , and he condenimeth before he examine or Brother Romy hear the parties. Untill now we thought we had been the Children of two of the Kings ſervants, ro lus, wit of Fanſtulus and of Lanrentia': I ſay we, becauſe my Brother and 1are two twins. Bur ſeeing we are now falſly accuſed unto'thee, and by malicious ſurmiſed tales are wrongfully brought in dan- ger of our lives: we intend to diſcover our ſelves, and to declare ſtrange things unto thee, whereof the preſent perill we now ſtand in, ſhall plainly prove the troth. Men fay that we have been begotten miraculouſly, foſtered and given ſuck more ſtrangely, and in our tender years were fed by Birds and wild Beaſts, to whom we were caſt our as a prey. For a Wolie gave us ſuck with her teats, and an Hitwaw ( they ſay ) brought us little crums, and put them in our mouths, as we lay upon the bank by the River, where we were put in a Trough that at this day remaineth whole, bound abour with plates of Copper, upon the which are ſome Letters engtaven half worn our , which perad- _. venture will one day ſetve for ſome tokens of knowledge ( unprofitable for our parents ) when it Numnitors wiſ- ſhal} be-too late, and after we are dead and gone. A\mitor then comparing theſe words, with _ the age the'young man feetned to be of, and conſidering well his face, did not reje&t the hope of his | imagination that ſmiled on him, but handled the matter fo, . that he found means to ſpeak ſecretly with Faxfulus care his Daughter, notwithſtanding at that time fhe was kept- very ftraightly. Farftnlus in the mean to fave Remus. time hearing that Remws was priſoner, and that the King had delivered him already intothe hands of his Brother Numitor to do juſtice, went to pray Romalns to help him, and told him then witoſe Children they were : for before he had never opened it to them but tt dark ſpeeches, 'atid glauncing wiſe, and ſo much as fufficed to put them in ſome hope. So Farftalus taking the Trough with him at rhat time, went unto Numitor in all haſte, as marvellouſly afrzid for the preſent danger he thought Remus in.

The Kings fouldiers which warded at the gates of the City, began ro Sather ſome ſuſpicion bf Fanſtu- Ixs manner of coming : and he madehimfelf ro be the moreſuſpected, being queſtioned with about the cauſe of his repair thither, thathe faultred-in his words ; beſides they «ſpied his Trough which he carried under his cloak. Now amongft the Warders, there was by chance ohe that was the man to whom the Children were committed ro be caſt away, and was preſent when they were left on the bank of the river to the mercy of Fortune, This man knew the Trough by and by , as well by thefafhion, as by the Letters graven upon it : who miltniſted ſtraight that which-was trac #ideed. So he did not negle& the thing, but went forthwith'ts the King to cell him the matter, #1d led Farftubys with him to have him confeſsthe troth. Fay/tulrs being in this perplexity, could not keepaliclofe upon examination, bur did utter out-ſomewhat vf the matter, and'/hetold not aNl.' For he plzmly juſtified the Childrenwere alive: yet he ſaid they were far from the City of Ati 4, where they kept beaſts

in the ftelds. And as for the Trough, —— to carry it to /lia, becauſe ſhe had divers' times

| prayed him to ler her ſee and feel-ir : ro rheend fhe might bethe more affured of her hope, who pro- nates Þ*:- Mmiſed her that one day ſhethould ſee her Children again. 'So it chanced ito” Awwlius at that time, as —_ = * it commonly dothunto thoſe that kre troubled, and do any' thing in fear or anger, as aman amazed thereat, to ſend one prefently (Who in all other things was a very honeſt man, but a grear friend of his Brother Numztors) to as him if he had heard any thing that his Daughters Children were ative. This perſon being come to Nitmirors houſe, found-him ready to embrace Remns,; whio fell to be wv"

thereof,

ROMULUS.

thereof,and of the good hap diſcovered unto Naymitor ; whereupon he perſwaded him how to ſet upon

his Brother, and to diſpatch the matter with ſpeed. So from that time forward, he took their part. On

the other fide alfo the matter gave them no leiſure to defer their enterpriſe, although they had been

willing : for the whole caſe was ſomewhat blown abroad. So Komrlus then got ſtraight a power, and

drew very near the City, and many of the Citizens of A1 4 went out to joyn with him, who either

feared or hated Amulius. Now Romulus power whichhe brought(over and beſide thoſe Citizens) was

3 good number of fighting men, and they were divided by hundreds, and every hundred had his Cap-

tain who marched before his Band, carrying little bundles of graſs or of boughs tied to the end of

their poles. The LaT1NEs call theſe bundles Manipulos, whereof it cometh that yer at this day in

an Army of the ROMA ns, the Souldiers which are all under one Enſign, are called Manipulares, 1;15;putave; So Remus ſtirring up thoſe that were within the City, and Romulus bringing in men from withour,the whereof ſo Tyrant eAmulins fell in ſuch fear and agony, that withou: providing any thing for his ſafery, they called. came upon him ſuddenly in his Pallace, and flew him. Thus you hear how near Fabius Pittor and Amultus Qatn: Diocles Peparethian do agree in reciting the ſtory,who was the firſt (in mine opinion) that wrote the foundation of the City of Rom : howbeit there are that think they are all but fables and tales devi-

ſed of pleaſure. But methinks for all that, they arenot altogether ro be rejected or diſcredited, if we

will conſider Fortunes ſtrange effeRs upon times, and of the greatneſs alſo of the Roman Empire :

which had never atchieved to her preſent poſſeſſed power and authority, if the gods had not from

the beginning been workers of the ſame, and if there had not alſo been ſome ſtrange cauſe , and won-

derful foundation. Amulixs being now (lain as before, and after that all things were appeaſed and

reduced to good order again, Rewws and Romulus would not dwell in the City of A1 za, being no

Lords thereof, nor alſo would be Lords of it, ſo long as their Grandfather by the Mother fide was

alive. Wherefore after they had reſtored him to his eſtate, and had done the honour and duty they

ought unto their Mother, they purpoſed to go and build a City in thoſe places where they had been ««

firſt brought up, for this was the honeſteſt colour they could prerend for their departing from Ar ga. Peradventure they were enforced ſo to do whether they would or nor, for the great number of baniſh-

ed men, and fugitive ſlaves which were gathered rogether by them for their ſtrength, who had been

utterly loſt and caſt away, if they had been once dilcharged by them, Therefore it was of neceſliry

that they ſhould dwell by themſelves, ſeparated in ſome place, to keep this number together and in

ſome order. For it is true, that the inhabitants of the City of Ar za woutd not ſuffer ſuch baniſhed

perſons and runagates to be mingled amongſt them, nor would receive them into their City to be

tree among them. All which appeareth ſufficiently : firſt, becauſe they took away V/omen by force :

and fo not of inſolency, but of neceſlity, when they tound no man that would beſtow any of them,

It is manifeſt alſo they did greatly honour and make much of the Women they had taken away before. Furthermore, when their City began a little to be ſerled, they made a Temple of refuge for all fu- 41eus Tent?

tives and afflicted perſons, which they called the Temple of the god eAſilens : where there was ple a Sandtu- Eaduzry and ſafety for all ſorts of people that repaired thither, and could get into the Temple : for ry for all ba-

nithed pertons

whom it was alledged, they could not deliver any bondman to his Maſter, nor Debtor to his Creditor, 7 77 Fe

nor the murtherer ro the Juſtice, that was fled thither for ſuccour, becauſe the Oracle of Apollo the Delphian, had expreſly enjoyned them to grant o_ to all thoſe that would come thither for it, So by this means in ſhort ſpace their City flouriſhed, and was repleniſhed ; where at the firſt foundation of it, they ſay there was not above One thouſand Houſes, as more at large hereafter ſhall be declared. When they came now to the building of their City, Romulus and Remus the two bre- Strife berwixr thren fell ſuddenly at ſtrife rogether about the place where the City ſhould be builded. For Ro- Romulus and mulys built Rome, which is called four-{quare, and would needs it ſhould remain in the place Remus. which he had choſen. Remus his Brother choſe another place very ſtrong of ſituation, upon Mount — | eAventine, which was called after his name Remoninm, and now is called Rignarium. Notwithe SO ſanding in the end they agreed between themſelves, this controverſie ſhould be decided by the flying of Birds, which do give a happy divination of things to come, So being fer in divers places by them- ſelves ro make obſervation, ſome ſay that there appeared unto Remns (ix, and to Romnlys twelve Vultures. Others ſay that Remus truly ſaw fix, and Romulus feigned from the beginning that he ſaw twice as many : but when Remys came to him, then there appeared twelve indeed unto Romulus, and this is the cauſe why the Roma ns at this day in their divinations and ſoothſayings of the fiy- ing of Birds, do marvelloully obſerve the flying of the Vulturs. Ir is true which the Hiſtoriogra- The Romans pher Herodotus Ponticus writeth, that Hercules rejoyced much when there appeared a Vulture to oblerve the _ bim, being ready to begin any enterpriſe, For it is the fowl of the world that doth leaſt burt, and fy = of Vut: never marreth nor deſtroyeth any thing that man doth ſow Splant or fer, conſidering that ſhe feed. © eth on carrion only, and doth never hurt nor kill any living thing. Alfo ſhe doth not prey upon dead fowl, for the likeneſs that is berween them : where the Eagles, the Dukes and the Sakers, do murther, Kill, and eat thoſe which are of their own kind. And yet as e£ſchylus faith, Needs mu#t that Fowl accounted be moſt vile, Moft ravening, and full of filthy mind, Which doth himſelf continually defile, By preying ſtill upon his oper kind, | |

Moreover, other Birds are always (as a man would ay) before our eyes, and do daily fhew them

Ives unto us : where the Vulture is 2 very rare Bird, and hardly to be ſeen, and men do not eaſily

find their ayries, Which hath given ſome occaſion to hold a falſe opinion, that the _—_ are paſſagers

ROMULVUS.

paſſagers, and come into theſe parts out of ſtrange Countries, The Prognoſticators alſo think, that

ſuch things which are not ordinary, and but ſeldom ſeen, be not natural , but miraculouſly fenc

by the gods to prognofticate ſomething. When Remus knew how his brother had mocked him, he

was very angry with him, And when Romulus had caſt aditch, as it were for the wall about his City,

Remus did not onely ſcorn it, but hindred alſo his work, and in the end for a mockery leapt over

Remus ſlain by his Wall. Toconclude, he did ſo much, that at the laſt he was (lain there by Romulus own hands,

Romulus Or as ſome ſay ; or as other hold opinion, by one of his men, which was called Celer. In this Fight

4 hin they flew Fauſtulus, and Pliſtinus alſo his brother, who had holpen bim to bring up Romulus. How-

ſoever the matter fell out, this Celer abſented himſelf from Rome; and went into the Countrey of

ThuscaNne. And they ſay, that men which are quick and ready upon a ſudden, took their names

Celeres,where- Ever after of him, and were called Celeres, As amongſt others, Quintus Merellns after the death of

fore ſo called. his Father, having in very few days made the people of Roms to ſee a combate of Fencers (called

£. Metcllus Gladiatores) fighting at the ſharp, they ſurnamed him Celer, for that the Romans marvelled

yon how he could prepare his things in ſo ſhort a time. Furthermore, Romulus having now buried his

Brother, and his other two bringers up (called foſter fathers) in the place they call Rewonia, began

Romulus lay- then to build and lay the foundation of his City, ſending for men out of ThouscaNE, who did

eth the foun- name and reach him particularly all the Ceremonies he had to obſerve there, according to their Laws

_—g * and Ordinances, as a great holy Myſtery. And firſt of allthey made a round Ditch in the place cal-

_ led at this day Comitium, into which they did caſt their chiefeft and beſt things, which men uſe law-

fully for good, and naturally as moſt neceſſary, After that they did throw alſo into it, a little of the

The Worls, Earth, from whence every man came, and mingled theſe all together. This Ditch in their Ceremo-

nies is called the World, in Latine e und, even the ſelf-ſame name the Latines call the VUnjver-

ſal. About this Ditch they did trace the compaſs bf the City they would build, even as one would

draw a circle about a center. This done," the Founder of the City taketh a Plough, to which he faſt-

neth a Culter or Plough-ſhaxe of braſs, . and ſo yoaked in the Plough an Ox and a Cow, he himſelf

holding the Plough, did make round about the compaſs of the Ciry a deep Furrow. Thoſe which

followed him, had the charge to throw the Turves of Earth inward intothe City, which the Plough-

ſhare raiſed up, and not to leave any of them turned outward. The Furrow thus caſt up was the

whele compaſs of their Wall, which they call in Latine Pomerium, by fhortning of the Syllables,

Pomerium, for poſt murum, to wit, after Wall, But in the place where they determined ro make a Gate, they

why ſo called. did rake off the Plough-ſhare, and draw the Plough, with leaving a certain place unbroken up :

; "whereupon the Roma ns think all the compaſs of their Walls holy and facred, except their Gates.

= Walls For if their Gates had been hallowed and ſantified , they would have had a conſcience through

E them to have brought in, or carried out of the City, any things neceſſary for the life of man, that

The Feaſt day had not been pure and clean, Now they believe certainly, that this Ceremony of the Foundation of

nn, their City was made the one and twentieth of _4pr:/: becauſe the Romans do yet keep that day

—__ *2 holy day, and/call it the Feaſt of the Nativity of their Countrey. On which day they did not in old pril, - J : bh app

time ſacrifice any thing that had life, as eſteeming that day (which was the Nativity of their City )

to be moſt meet to be kept clean and pure from being polluted or defiled with any blood. Notwith-

ſtanding before Ro » x was builded they had another Feaſt, called the Shepheards or Heardſ-mens

The Feaſt Holy-day, which they did celebrate upon the ſame day, and called it Palilia., Now at this day the

Palilia. beginnings of the moneths with the Romans is clean contrary to the GREc1ans : yet for all

this, they hold opinionfor certainty, that the day on which Rowulxs founded his City, was afſu-

, redly that which the GxEc1a ns call Triacads, that is to ſay, the thirtieth day. On which there

= — aa was ſeen an Eclipſe of the Moon, which they ſuppoſe was obſerved by the Poet 4Antimachus ( born

the laying of In the City of Tz0s) in the thirteenth year of the fixth Olympiad. Likewile in the time of Afar-

the foundati- £%4 Varro (a learned man, and one that had read as much of ancient Stories as any ROMAN) there

on of Rome. was a friend of his called T arutixs, a great Philoſopher and Mathematician, who being given to the

calculation of Aſtronomy for the delight of ſpeculation only, wherein he was thought moſt excellent ;

Varro a Philo» it did fall out that Yarro gave him this queſtion, to ſearch out what hour and day the Nativity of Ro-

lopher, Taruti- wylxs was; who gathered it out by certain accidents, as they do in the reſolutions of certain Geo-

= —_— metrical Queſtions. For they ſay, that by the ſelf-ſame Science, one may tell before of things to

The hour of a COME, and to happen to a man in his life, knowing certainly the hour of his Nativity : and how one

mans nativity may tell alſo the hour of his Nativity, when by accidents they know what hath hapned to him all

may be calcu- his life. Tarutiusdid the queſtion that Yarro gave him, And having throughly conſidered the adven-

—_——_ tures, deeds, and geſts of Romulus, how long he lived, and how he died : all which being gathered

Romulur nati- and conferred together, he did boldly Mdge for. a certainty, that he was conceived in his mothers

vity is calcula- womb, in the firſt year of the ſecond Olympiad, the three and twentieth day of the moneth which

ted by Taruti- the Gy PTIANS call Cheac, arid now is called December, abour.three of the clock in the morn-

-— LY ing, in which hour there was a whole Eclipſe of the Sun : and that he was born into the world,

ect. the 21 of the Moneth of Thoth, which is the Moneth of September , about the riſing of the Sun.

Romulus was And that Rome was begun by him on the ninth. day of the Monerh which the Acy eTt1ans call

conceivedin Pharmuthi, and anſwereth now to the Moneth of 4pril, between two and three of the clock in

his mothers the morning. For they will ſay, that a city hath his revolution and his time of continuance appoint-

Fs . ed, as well as the life of a man : and that they knew by: the fituation of the Stars, the day of her

| beginning and foundation. Theſe things and ſuch other- like, peradventure will pleaſe the R eaders

better, for their ſtrangeneſs and curioſity, then offend or miſlike them for their falſhood., Now yr

| that

ROMULUS.

that he had founded his City, be firſt and foremoſt did divide in two-companies all thoſe that were of The Roman age tocarry Armour, In every one of theſe Companies there were three thouſand Footmen, and Legion 3000 three hundred Horſemen : and they were called Legions, becauſe they were ſorted of the choſen ©929*men, 300 men that were picked out among all the reſt for to fight. The remain after theſe was called Popul:ss, _—_ which ſignifieth the people. Atter this, he made a hundred Counſellors of the beſt and honeſteft ty-cth x Cor. men of the Ciry, which he called Patricians : and the whole company of them together he called mm. calth, Senat#s, as one would ſay, the Councel of the Ancients. So they were called Parricians, as ſome I tte | will ſay, the Councel of the Fathers lawful children, which tew of the firſt Inhabitants could ſhew, It may be, ſome will ſay this name was given them of Patrocininm, as growing of the protection they had by the SanQtuary of their City, which word they uſe at this day m the felf-ſame (igniticari-

on ; as one that followed Evander into ITALY, was called Patron, becauſe he was pitiful, and re- lieved the poor and little children, and fo got himſelf a name for his pity and humaniry. Bur me- thinks it were more like the troth to ſay, that Komulr did call them ſo, becauſe he thought the chict-

eſt men ſhould have a fatherly care of the meaner ſort : conſidering alſo it was to teach the meane; ſort, that they ſhould not fear the authority of the greater, nor envy at the honours they had,

but rather in all their cauſes ſhould uſe their tavour and good will, by taking them as their Fathers. For even at this preſent , ſtrangers call thoſe of the Senate , Lords or Captains : but the natural Romans call them, Parres Conſcripti, which is a name of Father-head and Dignity without envy, P. It is true, that at the beginning they were onely called Patres, but fichence, becauſe they were many /« joyned unto the firſt, they have been named Parres Conſcripti, as aman ſhould fay, Fathers of re- cord together : which is the honourableſt Name he could have deviſed to make a difference berwixt the Senators and the People. Furthermore, he made a difference between the chiefer Citizens, and the baſer People, by calling the better ſort Patrons, as much to ſay, as Defenders : and the meaner ſort Clientes, as you would ſay, Followers, or men protected. This did breed marvellous great love and good will among them, making the onemuch beholding to the other, by many mutual courte- ſfies and pleaſures : tor the Patrons did help the Cliencs ro their Right, defended their Cauſes in judgment, gave unto them counſel, and did take all their matters in hand. The Clients again en- terchangeably humbled rhemſelves ro rheir Patrons, not onely in outward honour and reverence to- wards them, but otherwiſe did help them with money to marry - and advance their daughters, or elſe to pay their Debts and Credit, if they were poor ordecayed. There was no Law nor Magiſtrate that could compell the Patron to be a Witneſs againſt his Chient : nor ” the Client to Witneſs againſt his Patron. So they increaſed and continued all other Rights and Offices of amity and friend- ſhip rogether, ſaving afterwards they thought it a great ſhame and reproach for the better and richer, ro take reward of the meaner and poorer. And thus of this matter we have ſpoken ſufficiently.

The ſhame of the Romans to

Moreover, four moneths after the foundation of the City was laid, Fabixs writerh, there was a great take oifrs of DO

raviſhment of women. There are ſome which lay it upon Romulus, -who being then of nature war- poor men. like, and given to Prophecies and Anſwers of the gods, foretold that his Ciry ſhould become very

great and mighty, fo as he raiſed it by Wars, andencreafed irby Arms ; and the ſought out this co-

lour to do milchief, and ro'make War upon the Sasy Ns. To prove this true, ſome ſay he cauſed certain of their Maids by force'to be taken away, butinot paſt thirty in number, as one that rather _ m— ſought cauſe of Wars, then did it for need of Marriages : which methinks was not likely to be true , Sabyne = but rather I judge the contrary. For.ſecing his City was incontinently repteniſhed with people ot men.

all ſorts, whereof there were very few that had Wives, and that they were men gathered out of all

Countries, and the moſt part of them poor and needy, ſo as their neighbours diſdained them much,

and did not look they would long dwell together : .Rowulus hoping 'by this violent taking of their

Maids and raviſting them, to haveanentry into alliance with the Sa x-xs, and -to entice them

further to join with-them in Marriage, if they did-gently entreat theſe Wives they had gotten, en-

terprized this violent taking of their Maids, and raviſhing of them-in-ſueh ſort, Firſt, he made ito ,, be commonly bruted-abroad in every place, -that he had found the Altar of a god hidden in the ground, ;1,,,c the r1. and he called the name of the god, Conſus : cither' becauſe he was god of 'Counſel ; whereupon the viſhmene of RomMaANS atthis day in their Tongue call Conſilixm, which we call -Counſel : and the chief Magi- the Sabyns ſtrates of their City Conſules, as we fay Counſellors. ' Other ſay, it was the Altar of the god Nep- po 4 txne, ſurnamed the Patron of Horſes. For this Altar is yet at this day within the great Lifts of the —_ %4 City, and ever covered and hidden, but when they uſethe-running 'Games of their Horſe-race. O- god of horſe. ther ſay, becauſe Counſel ever muſt be kept cloſe andſecret, they had good reaſon to keep that Al- men.

tar of this god Conſ#u hidden in the ground. Now other write, when it was opened, Romulus made

a Sacrifice of wonderful joy, and hd proclaimed it openly in divers places, that at ſuch a day

there ſhould be common Plays at Rom+, and a ſolemn Feaſt kept of the god Conſwus , where all

that were diſpoſed to come ould be welcome. Great numbers of People repaired thither trom all

parts. He himſelf was ſet in the chiefeſt Seat of the Show-place, apparelled tair in Purple, and ac-

companied with the chief of the City about him. And there having purpoſed this Raviſhment you

have heard'of, he' had given the ſign before : that the ſame ſhould begin , when he ſhould riſe up The execution and fold a pleight of his Gown, and unfold the ſame again, Hereupon his men ſtood attending with ct the Ravith- their Swords : who ſo ſoon as they perceived the ſign was given, with'their Swords drawn in hand, = war: and with great ſhouts and cries, ran violently on the Maids and Daughters of the Sa By Ns to take on them away and raviſh them , and ſuffered the men ro run away, without doing them any hurt or women ravith

violence. So ſomefay, there were but thirty raviſhed, after whoſe names were called the thirty <1. T.incages

E——

22 : ROMULUS.

_— — ——— —_—_—

The number of Lineages of the People of Romr, Howbeit Yalerius eAntias writeth, that there were five hundred the Sabyne and ſeven and twenty : -and Juba, fix hundred fourſcore and three, In the which is ſingularly to _ raviſh- ;,. noted for the commendation of Romulus , that he himſelf did take then but onely one of the Herfilia. Maids, named Herſilia: that afterwards was the onely cauſe and mediation of peace betwixt the Romulus Wife. SABY NS and the Romans. Which argueth plainly, that it was not to do the Sazy Ns any hurt, nor to. ſatisfie any diſordinate luſt, that they kad fo forcibly undertaken this raviſhment : but to join two Peoples together, with the ſtraighteſt bonds that could be berween men. This Herſilsa as ſome ſay, was married unto one Hoſtilins, the nobleſt man at that time amongſt the Romans : ; or as others write, unto Romulus himſelf, which had two Children by her. The firſt was a Daugh- —_— _— ,_ ter, and her name was Prima, becauſe ſhe was the firſt : the other was a Son, whom he named e1- > wouhy ollius, becauſe of the multitude of People he had aſſembled rogether in his City, and aſterwards he His Son was Was ſurnamed eAbillins. Thus Zenodotus the TROEZE NIAN Writeth, wherein notwithſtanding called Aol/jus there be divers that do contrary him. Among thoſe which raviſhed the Daughters of the Says, Abillius. it is ſaid there were found certain mean men carrying away a marvellous paſling fair one. Thele met by chance on the way certain of the chief of the City, who would have taken her by force from them ; which they had done, bur that they began to cry, they carried her unto Talaſſins, who

was a young man marvellouſly well beloved of every body. Which when the other underſtood, the were exceeding glad, and they commended them : inſomuch as there were ſome which ſuddenly tur- ned back again, and did accompany them for Talaſſins ſake, crying out aloud, and often on his The cauſe why name, From whence the cuſtom came, which to this day the Romans fing at their Marriages, the Romansdo Talaſſius, like as the GREC1AaNs ſing Hymenens, For it is ſaid he was counted very happy that ling the Name he met with this Woman. But Sextinus Sylla, a CARTHAGINIAN born, a man very wile, gs " and well learned, told me once it was the cry and {ign which Romulus gave to his men to begin the >. Raviſhment: whereupon thoſe that carried them away went crying this word Talaſſius, and that from thence the Cuſtom had continued, that they fing it yet at rheir Marriages, Nevertheleſs the moſt part of Authors, ſpecially Jxba, thinks it is a warning to remember the new-married-women of their work, which is to ſpin, which the Gxtcrans call Talaſſia, the Italian word at that time being not mingled with the Greek, And if it be truethe Romans uſed this term of 7 a- laſſia, as weof GREECE do uſe,. we might by conjefture yield another reaſon for it, which ſhould carry a better likelihood and proof, For-when the Samy Ns after the Battle had made peace with the Roma ns, they put in.an Article in favour of the Women in the Treaty, that they ſhould Not be bound to ſerve their Husbands in any other work but in ſpinning of Wool. Ever ſince this Matrimonial Cuſtom hath grown , that thoſe which give their Daughters in Marriage, and thoſe who lead the ceremony at Bride, and fac as are preſent at the Wedding, ſpeak in ſport to the new married Wife, laughing, ——_— Talaſſius : in tokenthat they do not lead the Bride for any other work ar ſervice, but to ſpin Wool. | Thereof this hath been the uſe to this day, that the Bride doth not of her ſelf come over the thre. hold of her Husbands door, but ſhe is hoiſed prettily into the Houſe : becauſe the Samy NE wo- menat that time were ſo lift up, and carried away by force. They ſay alſo, that the manner of ma- king the ſhed of the new wedded Wives hair, with the Iron head of a Javelin, came up then like- wiſe : this Story being a manifeſt token that theſe firſt Marriages were made by force of Arms, and as it were at the Swords point : as we have written more at large in the Book, wherein we render and ſhew the cauſes of the Roma ns Faſhions and Cuſtoms, This Raviſhment was put in execu- Sextilis, Au- tion about the eighteenth day of the Moneth called Sexti/zs, and now named eAugyſt : on which day guſt, they yetcelebrate the Feaſt they call Conſualia. Now the Samy Ns were good men of War, and p_—_ ;, had great numbers of People, but __y dwelt in Villages, and not within encloſed Walls: being a thing Conſuatiz, fit for theirnoble courages that did fear nothing, and as thoſe who were deſcended from the Lac t- The $«lyns DAMONIANS, Nevertheleſs they ſeeing themſelves bound and tied to peace by Pledges and Ho- what thy ſtages, that were very near allied unto them, and fearing their daughters ſhould be ill intreated, ſent Were. Ambaſſadorsto Rownulus, by whom they made reaſonable ofters and perſwaſtons, that their Daugh- ters might be delivered unto them again, without any force or violence, and then afterwards, that he would cauſe them to be asked in Marriage of their Parents, as both Reaſon and Law would require, ro theend that with good will and conſent of all Parties, both Peoples might contract Amity and Al- liance together. Whereunto Romulus made anſwer, he could not reſtore the Maids which his People had taken away and married : but moſt friendly he prayed the Sa sy Ns to be contented with their Alliance, This anſwer being returned, and not liked, whilſt the Princes and Commonalty of the Acrn ting of Sa py Ns were occupied in conſultation, and about the arming of themſelves : eAcron King of the corre” Hl CENINENSES (a man exceeding couragious and skilful in Wars, and one that from the begin- i + ri ning miſtruſted the over-bold and ſtout Enterprizes that Romulus was likely to attempt) conſidering the late Raviſhment of the Sas y Ns Daughters, and how he was already greatly dreaded of his Neighbours, and ſomewhat untolerable, if he were not chaſtiſed and brought lower, firſt began ro invade him with a puiſſanc Army, and to make hot and violent Wars upon him. Romulus on the other fide prepared alſo, and went forth to meet him. - When they were come ſo near together, that they might ſee one another, they ſent defiance to each other, and prayed that they two mighr fight man to man amidſt their Armies, and neither of theirs to ſtir a foot. Both of them accepted

of it, and Romulus making his Prayerunto Jupiter, did promiſe and make a Vow : That if he did Ain Main in 8ive him the victory to overcome, he would offer up to him the Armour of his Enemy, which he þ:H.1d, did, For firſt he ſlew eAcroz in the Field, and afterwards gave Battle to his men, and overthrew : them

Tx. =: a. 2. +, RE 0 JO... FR.

— 1

7

ROMULUS. 27

— - — ——_ — ——

— — ——

them alſo. Laſtly he rook his City, where he did no hurt nor yet diſpleaſure to any, ſaving that he commanded them to pull down their Houſes; and deſtroy them, and to go dwell wich hun a: Rowe : where they ſhould have the ſelf-ſame Rights and Priviledges which the firſt Inhabitants di4 enjoy. There was nothing more inlarged the City of Roe then. this manner of policy, to join always unto it thoſe ſhe had overcome and vanquiſhed. Romulus now to diſcharge his Vow, and in fuch ſort that his offering might be acceptable to Jupiter, and pleaſant to his Citizens to behold, dil cut down a goodly ſtraight grown young Oak, which he lighted on by good fortune, in the place where his Camp did lie : the ſame he trimmed and fer forth atrer the manner of victory, hanging and tying all about it in fair order, the Armour and Weapons of King eAcron. Then he girding his Gown to him, and putting upon his _ of hair a Garland of Lawrel, laid the young Oak upon his right ſhoulder, and he firſt marched. before rowards his Ciry, and ſung a royal Song ot ViRory, all his Army following him in Arms uato the City in order of battle : where his Citizens received him in all pailing wiſe and triumph. This noble and Rtately entry ever fince hath given them The beginning minds in ſuch ſort, and in ſtatelier wiſe to make their triumph. The offering of this Triumph was de- & triumph, * dicated to Jupiter ſurnamed Feretrian : becauſe the Latine word Ferire ſignifieth ro hurt and kill : ,

and the Prayer Romulus had made, was, he might hurt and kill his Enemy, Such Spoils are called es he. in Latine, Spolia opima : therefore ſaith Yarro, that opes ſignifie riches. Howbeit merhinks ir were $p4/;, pin, more likely to ſay, that they were ſo named of this word ops, which berokenerh a deed, becauſe he

muſt needs be the chief of the Army, that hath lain with his own hands the General of his Enemics,

and that muſt offer the Spoils called Spolia opima, as you would ſay, his principal Spoils and Deeds.

This never happened yer but to three Roman Captains onely : of the which Romulus was the firſt,

who (lew eAcron King of the CENINENSES. Cornelixs Cofſus was the ſecond , who killed 7s- Three Romans lumnius, the General of the Thuscans. Clodius e Marcellus was the third, who flew Britomar- ooly obtained rus, King of the GAuLzs, with his own hands. And for the two laſt, Coſſus and Marcellus, they (P94 opima. made their entry into.the City, carrying rheir Triumphs upon Chariots triumphant : but Romulrxs

did not ſo, Therefore in this point D:onyſws the Hiſtoriographer hath erred, writing that Romulus

did enter into RoME upon a Chariot triumphant, For it was T arquinins Priſcus the ſon of Bee , Leeks maratus,' Who firſtdid ſet out Triumphs in ſo ſtately and magnificent ſhow. Other hold opinion: it Prifcurthe firit

was V alerinsPublicela, who was the firſt thatever entred upon triumphant Chariot. Concerning that triumph- Romulus, his Siarues are yer. to beſeen in Rom ,. carrying his Triumph afoot, After this over. <4 in Charior,

throw and taking of the CanineNs es, the Inhabitants of the Cities of Fipx'Na, Crus Tu- es Pub-

MER1UM, and ANTEMNa:, roſe all rogether againſt the Roma ns , whiles the other Sazy Ns wo of

alſo were a preparing themſelves; : So they fought a Battle, in which they took the overthrow ridens, Cru- and left their Cities to the ſpoil of Romulus, their Lands to be given where he thought 'good, and ſtunerium, and themſelves to be carried ro RoME. | Romulus then did give their Lands among his Citizens, except of Antemns,

thoſe Lands which.did belong ro the Fathers of the Maidens that they had taken away and raviſhed. rt 3gainlt-

For he was contented that the Fathers of them ſhould keep ſtill their Lands, By and by the other The g os led

SABY NS ſtomaching therext, did chuſe them a General called T ar:#s, and fo went with a puifſant by Tarias,wegr

Army toward the City of Rot, whereunto: to- approach at that time it was very hard, the Caſtle *9 beliege the

or Keep of their City being ſelxed where at this day che Capitol -ſtandeth, within which there was a of Rome,

a great Garriſon, whereof Tarpeins was Caprain, and not his Daughter Tarpeia, as ſome will ſay, —_— : wt

who ſet out Romulus as a fool. But Tarpeia the. Captains Daughter, for the defire ſhe had to have Caltle, and

all the gold Bracelets which they did wear about their arms, ſold the Fort to the Sa zy xs, and letteth in th:

asked for, reward of her Treaſon, all they did wear on. their left arms. 7 atius promiſed them unto $471

her : and ſhe. opened them a Gate in the night, by: the which ſhe did let all the Sat x5 into tlie

Caſtle. e{nt5poyws then wasnotalone, who ſaid, He loved thoſe which did betray, and hated them An:izonus and

that had bgrayed::- nor yet Ceſar eAnuguſtus , who told Rymitalces the THRACTAN , That he Avg1/tur Co-

loved Treaſen,: but he hated Trayrors. And: itisa common affe&ian which we bear to wicked per- {47s word» of

{ons, whilſt ye Rand in need of. them : not! unlike for all the world ro thoſe that have need of the —_—

gawl and poyfon. of. venemous Beaſts. For when they find it, they are glad, and take” it to ſerve their turn-:, but after their turn is ſerved, and chey have thar they ſought, they hate- rhe cruelty of

ſuch Beaſts. So played 7 atius atthat time, For'when he was gonen into the Caſtle, he command-

ed the Sa px/vs. (for performance of his promiſe he had' made to T arpeia ) they ſhould nor Rick

to- give her all; they wear on theirleft arms, and to do as he did : who taking from his own arm

firſt, the Bracelets which hewore, did caft it to her, and his Targer after # and fo did all the reſt iti Nure the rc like ſort} infouch as being borne down to the ground/by the weight of Bracelets and Targets, ſhe ward of Trea- died as preſſed to death under her burden, Nevertheleſs Tarpeins ſelf was attainted, and condem- fon:

ned alſo. of [Tteaſon, by Romalus order, as Fuba faith , it is ſer forth by- Sulpitins Galba. They

that write ngy+.otherwiſe of. Tarpers, ſaying ſhe was the Daughter of Tatius, General of the SA-

BY NS, and; wagforced by Rowalys to lie with him, and how ſhe was: puniſhed in this ſort by her

own Father after her ſaid Treaſon committed : thoſe I ſay, amongſt whom eAnrigonus is one, are

not tobe credited; - And the Poet $imylus alſo doth dote moſt, who. ſaith Tarpeia ſold the Capitol

not to-the Sag yNs, butto the King of GauLz's, with whom ſhe was in love, as in thele Verſes doth

appear ;

R gin!

un.

Tarpeia, that Maid of fooliſh mind, Which-near unto the Capitol did dwell,

ROMULUS.

The place of the fight be. tewixt Romulus and Tatius.

Curtius the Sabync.

Curtius Lake. » The Sabyns give battle to Romulus,

Hoſtilius ſlain, Romulus hit on the head with a ſtone.

Fuptter Stator.

A wonderful boldneſs of women,

1nfervent flames of beaſtly love be blind. ; re" King of Gaules did makg her ſwell) Caus'd ſtately Rome ſurprized for to be By Enemies, as every man may ſee. eAnd ſo through hope of bus fidelity Betray'd her Sire, with all bis Family. And alittle after, in ſpeaking of the manner of her death, he faith alſo : Yet lo: the Gaules, thoſe worthy men of might, Threw her not down into the waves of Po, But from their Arms, wherewith they wont to fight, T hey caſt their Shields upon her body ſo, That (he ſuppref# with ſuch an heavy weight, (Ab wofull Maid) to death was fmother'd ſtraight.

This Maiden therefore being buried in the ſame place ; the whole Hill was called afterwards Tar- peixs after her name, which continued untill T arquizizs the King did dedicate all the place to Jupiter : tor then they carried her bones into ſome other place, and ſoit loſt her name. Unleſs it be that rock of the Capitol, which at this preſent time they call Rapes T arpesa, from the rop whereof they were wont in old time to throw down headlong all wicked Offenders, When the Savy ns now had gotten this hold, Romulus being exceeding wroth , ſent them a defiance, and bad them Battle if they durſt, Tatius ſtraight refuſed not, conſidering if by miſchance they were diftreſſed, they had a ſure refuge to retire unto. The place between the two Armies where the Fight ſhould be, was all round about environed with little hills. So as it was plain, the Fight could not be but ſharp and dangerous, for the diſcommodiouſneſs of the place, where was neither ground for any to fly, nor yet any ſpace for any long chace, it was of ſo ſmall'a compaſs. Now: it fortuned'by chance, the River of Tyber had overflown the banks a few days before, and there' remained init a deeper mud than

men would have judged, becauſe the ground was ſo plain, and was even where the great Market-

place of Rome ſtandeth at this day. They could. diſcern. nothing: thereof by the eye, becauſe the upper part of it was cruſted, whereby it was the more'ready for them to venture upon, and the worſe xo. get out, for that it did ſink underneath. So the Samy Ns had gone uponit, had-not Curtizs danger been, which by good fortune ſtayed them, He was one of the: nobleft and valianteſt men of the Sa By Ns, who being mounted upon a Courſer, went on a good way before the ' Army, This Courſer entring upon the cruſted mud, and finking withall, began to- plunge and ſtruggle'in the mire: whereat Curtizs proved a while with the ſpur to. ſtir him, and ' get him out, but in the'end ſeeing it would not be, he left his back, and ſaved himſelf, The ſame very place to this day is called after his name, Lacms Curtis, The SAByNns then ſcaping thus this danger, began the Battle, The Fight did grow very cruel, and endured ſo great a while, the Victory leaning no more to the one fide than to the other, There died in a ſmall ſpace a great number of men, amongſt whom Hoſts15145 was one, who as they ſay, was the Husband of Herſ#a, and Grandfather to Hoſtslix4 that was King of theRomans after Numa Pompilins. Afterward there were (as we may think) many ' other En- counters and Battles between them 2. howbeit they make mention of the laſt above all the reſt, where- in_Romnlus bad ſo ſore a blow on his head with a ſtone, that he was almoſt felled to the ground, inſo- much as he was driven to retire a little out ofthe Battle. Upon which-occafion the Roma ns gave back alſo, and drew towards Mount Palatine, being driven out of-the Plane by force. Romulr be- gan now to recover of the blow he had received, and fo returned to give a new onſet, and cry ed out all he might co his Soldiers to __ and ſhew their face again to-their Enemy. -But for' all his loud crying, they left not flying ftill for life, and there was not one that durft return again:+ Whereupon Romulus lifting up his frraight to Heaven, did. moſt fervently pray unto Jupster, that it would pleaſe him to tay the flying of his People, and not- ſuffer the Roxa xs 'Glory thus.to fall to- their utter deſtruRion, but to repair it by his favour again. . He had'no ſooner ended his Prayer, but di- vers of his men that fled, began to be aſhamed to fy before: their King, :and a ſudden buldneſs came upon them, and their fear therewithall vaniſhed away./: The place they: firft ſtayed” ing*was where as now is the Temple of Zpiter Stator, which is as much to ſay , as:Zxpirer the. Stayer. Afterwards gathering themſelves together again, they repulſed, the Sa »y ns even:to'the placechey call now Regia, and unto the Temple of the Goddeſs Yeſta : where. both the Bartles being prepared to give a; new Charge, there did fall out before them a ſtrange and incredible: thing to ſee, which Rayed them that they fought not. For of the Sasy n» Women whom the Roma'ns had- raviſhetl;} ſome ran of the one ſide; other of the other fide of the Battles , with Lamentations, -Cryes, -and Shours, ſtepping between their Weapons, and among the ſlain Bodies.on the-ground, inſuch ſort that they ſeemed out of their wits, and carried as it were with ſome Spirits.:. Ini this 'mariner"they went'to find out their Fathers and their Hosbands, ſome. carrying their ſuckling Babes i their arms, other having their hair looſe about their eyes, and all of them calling, now upon the Sasy'xs, now up- on the RoMA'Ns, with the gentleſt names that could be, deviſed :: which did melt the hearts of both Parties in ſuch ſort, that they gave back a little, and made them-place between both -the Bat- tles. Then were the Cryes _ Lamentations of every one plainly heard. There was not a man there but it pitied him, as well to ſee them in' that pitiful caſe, as to hear the lamentable words they ſpake ; adding to their moſt humble Perizions,and Requeſts thar: could be any way imagined, paſting wiſe Perſwaſions and Reaſons to induce them to a Peace, For what offence (ſay they) -

what

The words ot Herſiliz and v= ther Sabjne women unto both Armies,

«+1200 ali

Qairites, why fo called,

name : and the Inhabitants ſhould be called 2air5tes , after the name of the Ciry of T at;us King of the SAzY NS , and that they ſhould reignand govern together by a common conſent, The =

where this peace was concluded , is called yet tg this day Comitinm; becauſe that Coire , inthe La- Comitium, tine Tongue fignifieth to aſſemble. So the City being augmented þy the one half , they did chuſe of

the SaBy Ns another hundred new: /PATRICIANS , unto the firſt hundred of the RoxA ws that

were choſen before. - Then were the Legions made of 6000 Footmen, and 600 Horſemen. After they Th

divided their Inhabitants into three Tribes , whereef thoſe that came of Romalus , were called Ram- ar Fg nenſes after his name : thoſe that came of 7 atime 'were called 7 atiexſes after his name : and thoſe that Foommen, and were of the third ſtock , were called LZucrenſes as from the Latine-word Lacs, called with us a Grove 600 Horle- in Engliſh , becauſe thither great number of people of all ſarts did- gather , which afterwards were _

made Citizens of Roms, The very word of Triþxs-( which fighifieth- bands ; wards , or hundreds ) 4... doth witneſs this beginning of Rome from Wards vr Hundreds. For; hereupon theRoma xs call b thoſe at this day, their 7rib#ae , which are the chigf heads of tbe people. - But every one of theſe

principall Wards had afterwards ten other paruq Jar» Wards 1inder them , which ſome think were

called after the.names of the thirty -Sa yy x women thqt-were raviſhed : but that ſeemeth falſe , be-

cauſe many of them carry the -names: of the 'plates-they came from, Howbeit at that time many Honour give: things were ſtabliſhed and ordained. m honour of the women : as to give them place, the upper hand to women.

in meeting chem : the upper hand in ſtreets : to.ſpeak no foul or diſhoneſt word, before them , no

man to unwray himſelf , or ſhew naked. before them ;: that chey ſhould not becalled before criminal

Judges ſitting upon Homicides-and murderers : that their children ſhould wear about their necks a

kind of Jewell, called Bu4s, faſhioned in manner like theſe water bubbles that riſe upon the water

when ir beginneth to-rain : and that their Gowns ſhould be garded with Purple. Now the two

Kings did not ſtraight, confer together. ſo ſoon as any occaſion. of buſinels was offered them , but ei-

ther of them did firſt counſell alone with his hundred Senators,and afterwards they did all aſſemble to-

gether. . Tats#s dwelt in the place where now is the Temple of }«»o AMoneta : Romalus in the place ates ants called at this preſent , The ftairs of the fair bank ,-then , The deſcent of Mount Palatine, as they _—_ pal —_ goto the Show-place or great Liſts, where they ſay was ſometime the holy Cornell-tree , whereof

they make ſo great account. , Row#lus one day :defirous.to prove his ſtrength , threw ( as it is ſaid ) The holy

a dart from Mount Aventine toward Mount Palating ; the ſtaff whereof was of a Cornell-tree : and Cornell-tree, the Iron of it entred ſo deep into'the ground , being luſty fat ſoyl, that no man could pull it our ,

although many proved it, and did the beſt they could; The ground being very